20
R.L. Fletcher
However, it is only a relatively small number of algal genera which are
universally and commonly reported in eutrophicated waters. With the
exception of the brown alga Ectocarpus and to a lesser extent Pilayella, they
are almost exclusively representatives of the Chlorophyta, and notably
species of the genera Chaetomorpha, Cladophora, Enteromorpha and Ulva.
As the only algae present at the polluted sites, they frequently occur in large
quantities. For example, Rigoni et al. (1989) and Sfriso (1987) reported
10 -13 kg/m wet weight of Ulva rigida in the Venice Lagoon, Briand and
Morand (1987) reported Ulva in quantities reaching 240 kg/m, forming
I-m-thick tides washed up on Brittany shores, whilst Enteromorpha prolifera
has been reported on mud flats in Scotland in quantities of approximately
1 kg/m 2 (Coleman and Stewart 1979). When these excessive, mat-like
growths of algae are washed up periodically on the tide line they are
descriptively termed "green tides". Table 1.2 tabulates many of the worldwide reports of these "green tides".
Table 1.2. World-wide reports of "green tides"
Alga
CHLOROPHYTA
Chaetomorpha !inurn
Chaetomorpha linum
Chaetomorpha !inurn
Chaetomorpha !inurn
Cladophora albida
Cladophora glom.
Cladophora mont.
Cladophora sp.
Cladophora sp.
Enteromorpha into
Enteromorpha into
Enteromorpha plumosa
Enteromorpha prolif.
Enteromorpha sp.
Enteromorpha sp.
Enteromorpha sp.
Enteromorpha sp ..
Enteromorpha sp.
Enteromorpha sp.
Enteromorpha sp.
Locality
Peel Inlet, Australia
Mar Menor Lag., Spain
Orielton Lag., Tasmania
Corsica
Peel Inlet, Australia
Laholm Bay, Sweden
Peel Inlet, Australia
Is. of Silt Germany,
Oslofjord, Norway
Medway Est., England
Orielton Lag., Tasmania
Rhode Is., USA
Forfar Loch, Scotland
Clyde Est., Scotland
Ythan Est., Scotland
Forfar Loch, Scotland
Oslofjord, Norway
Dublin Bay, Ireland
Rogerstown Est., Ireland
Langstone Harb., England
Reference
Lavery and McComb
(1991)
Perez-Ruzafa et al. (1991)
Buttermore (1977)
Grimes and Hubbard (197l)
Gordon et al. (1981)
Fleischer et al. (1985); Rosenberg
(1985); Wennberg (1992)
Gordon et al. (1985)
Grenager (1957); Bokn and Lein (1978);
Klavestad (1978)
Wharfe (1977)
Buttermore (1977)
Thorne-Miller et al. (1983)
Coleman and Stewart (1979)
Perkins and Abbott (1972)
Raffaelli et al. (1989)
Ho (1979)
Rueness (1973); Grenager (1957);
Bokn and Lein (1978);
Klavestad (1978)
Wilson et al. (1990); Jeffrey (1993)
Fahyet al. (1975)
Nicholls et al. (1981);