The British Isles
235
(see especially Smyth 1968; Dunn 1972; Perkins and Abbott 1972;
Southgate 1972; Anonymous 1976a; SouIsby et ai. 1978, 1985; Montgomery
and Soulsby 1980; Nicholls et aI., 1981; Owens and Stewart 1983; Hull 1987;
Raffaelli et al. 1989; Wilson et al. 1990; Jeffrey et al. 1992; den Hartog 1994)
and Ulva (see especially Cotton 1910, 1911; Letts and Richards 1911;
Smyth 1968; Perkins and Abbott 1972; Southgate 1972; Fletcher 1974;
SouIsby et al. 1978, 1985; Holme and Bishop 1980; Nicholls et al. 1981;
Jeffrey et ai. 1992; den Hartog 1994). In much of the literature, only
Enteromorpha sp. is cited; however, species identified include E. prolifera
(Cotton 1911; Dunn 1939; Ho 1979; Owens et al. 1979; Owens and Stewart
1983; Jeffrey et ai. 1992), E. intestinalis (Cotton 1911; Owens et al. 1979;
Owens and Stewart 1983; Jeffrey et ai. 1992), E. clathrata (Cotton 1911), E.
compressa (Jeffrey et al. 1992), E. flexuosa (Jeffrey et al. 1992), E. linza
(Jeffrey et ai. 1992), E. radiata (den Hartog 1994) and E. ramulosa
(Jeffreyet ai. 1992). For the genus Ulva, either no specific epithet is given
or the material is identified as U. lactuca, U. lactuca var. latissima or U.
latissima (Cotton 1910, 1911; Smyth 1968; Fletcher 1974); more recently,
and in-keeping with recent taxonomic treatments of this genus (and
Enteromorpha; see Koeman and van den Hoek 1980, 1982a, b, 1984), U.
curvata has been identified (den Hartog 1994). Other green algal genera
reported to thrive in sewage-contaminated waters in the British Isles
include Cladophora spp. [notably C. sericea (Cotton 1911) and C. gracilis
(Cotton 1911)], Monostroma spp. [e.g. M. grevillei and M. Juscum
(Cotton 1911), Prasiola stipitata (Edwards 1972, 1973)], and Rhizoclonium
spp. (Ho 1979; Jeffrey et ai. 1992).
These reports of excess growths of Enteromorpha and Ulva spp. in
eutrophicated waters find support in a number of laboratory-based experimental studies which have demonstrated that growth of these algae is
stimulated by additions of the sewage effluent being discharged around
the British Isles (see especially Letts and Richards 1911; Dunn 1972;
Southgate 1972; Anonymous 1976a; Ford et al. 1983). There have also
been reports that ammonia is preferred to nitrate (Letts and Richards
1911) and that both Enteromorpha and Ulva spp. have a high capacity
for nutrient absorption (Letts and Richards 1911; Anonymous 1976a;
Jeffrey et al. 1992). It is interesting to note, however, that Anonymous
(I976a) concluded that the inorganic nutrient content alone was not
responsible for the growth response and that the effluent contained some
additional growth-stimulating compound. Using an Ulva disc growth
technique, Burrows (1971) concluded that sewage-polluted Dublin mud
similarly contained a growth-promoting ingredient. Such findings might
be of considerable importance when considering nutrient removal from
effluent as a means of controlling algal growth (Ford et ai. 1983).
235
(see especially Smyth 1968; Dunn 1972; Perkins and Abbott 1972;
Southgate 1972; Anonymous 1976a; SouIsby et ai. 1978, 1985; Montgomery
and Soulsby 1980; Nicholls et aI., 1981; Owens and Stewart 1983; Hull 1987;
Raffaelli et al. 1989; Wilson et al. 1990; Jeffrey et al. 1992; den Hartog 1994)
and Ulva (see especially Cotton 1910, 1911; Letts and Richards 1911;
Smyth 1968; Perkins and Abbott 1972; Southgate 1972; Fletcher 1974;
SouIsby et al. 1978, 1985; Holme and Bishop 1980; Nicholls et al. 1981;
Jeffrey et ai. 1992; den Hartog 1994). In much of the literature, only
Enteromorpha sp. is cited; however, species identified include E. prolifera
(Cotton 1911; Dunn 1939; Ho 1979; Owens et al. 1979; Owens and Stewart
1983; Jeffrey et ai. 1992), E. intestinalis (Cotton 1911; Owens et al. 1979;
Owens and Stewart 1983; Jeffrey et ai. 1992), E. clathrata (Cotton 1911), E.
compressa (Jeffrey et al. 1992), E. flexuosa (Jeffrey et al. 1992), E. linza
(Jeffrey et ai. 1992), E. radiata (den Hartog 1994) and E. ramulosa
(Jeffreyet ai. 1992). For the genus Ulva, either no specific epithet is given
or the material is identified as U. lactuca, U. lactuca var. latissima or U.
latissima (Cotton 1910, 1911; Smyth 1968; Fletcher 1974); more recently,
and in-keeping with recent taxonomic treatments of this genus (and
Enteromorpha; see Koeman and van den Hoek 1980, 1982a, b, 1984), U.
curvata has been identified (den Hartog 1994). Other green algal genera
reported to thrive in sewage-contaminated waters in the British Isles
include Cladophora spp. [notably C. sericea (Cotton 1911) and C. gracilis
(Cotton 1911)], Monostroma spp. [e.g. M. grevillei and M. Juscum
(Cotton 1911), Prasiola stipitata (Edwards 1972, 1973)], and Rhizoclonium
spp. (Ho 1979; Jeffrey et ai. 1992).
These reports of excess growths of Enteromorpha and Ulva spp. in
eutrophicated waters find support in a number of laboratory-based experimental studies which have demonstrated that growth of these algae is
stimulated by additions of the sewage effluent being discharged around
the British Isles (see especially Letts and Richards 1911; Dunn 1972;
Southgate 1972; Anonymous 1976a; Ford et al. 1983). There have also
been reports that ammonia is preferred to nitrate (Letts and Richards
1911) and that both Enteromorpha and Ulva spp. have a high capacity
for nutrient absorption (Letts and Richards 1911; Anonymous 1976a;
Jeffrey et al. 1992). It is interesting to note, however, that Anonymous
(I976a) concluded that the inorganic nutrient content alone was not
responsible for the growth response and that the effluent contained some
additional growth-stimulating compound. Using an Ulva disc growth
technique, Burrows (1971) concluded that sewage-polluted Dublin mud
similarly contained a growth-promoting ingredient. Such findings might
be of considerable importance when considering nutrient removal from
effluent as a means of controlling algal growth (Ford et ai. 1983).