Rojas M, Olivier M, Gros P, Barrera LF, Garcı ´a LF (1999) TNF-alpha
and IL-10 modulate the induction of apoptosis by virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis in murine macrophages. J Immunol
162:6122–6131
Rosenzweig C, Iglesias A, Yang XB, Epstein PR, Chivian E (2000)
Climate change and US agriculture: the impacts of warming and
extreme weather events on productivity, plant diseases, and pests.
Center for Health and the Global Environment, Boston. http://www.
med.harvard.edu/chge
Roth RR, James WD (1988) Microbial ecology of the skin. Annu Rev
Microbiol 42:441–464
Roulston A, Marcellus RC, Branton PE (1999) Viruses and apoptosis.
Annu Rev Microbiol 53:577–628
Roy S, Khasa DP, Greer CW (2007) Combining alders, frankiae, and
mycorrhizae for the revegetation and remediation of contaminated
ecosystems. Can J Bot 85:237–251
Saint Andre ´ AV et al (2002) The role of endosymbiotic Wolbachia
bacteria in the pathogenesis of river blindness. Science
295:1892–1895
Salaun B, Romero P, Lebecque S (2007) Toll-like receptors’ two-edged
sword: when immunity meets apoptosis. Eur J Immunol
37:3311–3318
Sandkvist M (2001) Biology of type II secretion. Mol Microbiol
40:271–283
Santos AV, Dillon RJ, Dillon VM, Reynolds SE, Samuels RL (2004)
Occurrence of the antibiotic producing bacterium Burkholderia sp.
in colonies of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens rubropilosa. FEMS
Microbiol Lett 15:319–323
Savage D, Barbetti MJ, MacLeod WJ, Salam MU, Renton M (2012)
Seasonal and diurnal patterns of spore release can significantly
affect the proportion of spores expected to undergo long-distance
dispersal. Microb Ecol 63:578–585
Schuffenecker I et al (2006) Genome microevolution of chikungunya
viruses causing the Indian Ocean outbreak. PLoS Med 3:e263
Shigenobu S, Watanabe H, Hattori M, Sakaki Y, Ishikawa H (2000)
Genome sequence of the endocellular bacterial symbiont of aphids
Buchnera sp. APS Nat 407:81–86
Silver AC, Kikuchi Y, Fadl AA, Sha J, Chopra AK, Graf J (2007)
Interaction between innate immune cells and a bacterial type III
secretion system in mutualistic and pathogenic associations. Proc
Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:9481–9486
Simon L, Bousquet J, Levesque RC, Lalonde M (1993) Origin and
diversification of endomycorrhizal fungi and coincidence with vascular land plant. Nature 363:67–69
Smadja B, Latour X, Faure D, Chevalier S, Dessaux Y, Orange N
(2004) Involvement of N-acylhomoserine lactones throughout
plant infection by Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica
(Pectobacterium atrosepticum). Mol Plant Microbe Interact
17:1269–1278
Snaidr J, Amann R, Huber I, Ludwig W, Schleifer KH (1997) Phylogenetic analysis and in situ identification of bacteria in activated
sludge. Appl Environ Microbiol 63:2884–2896
Socha A, Long R, Rowley D (2007) Bacillamides from a hypersaline
microbial mat bacterium. J Nat Prod 70:1793–1795
Srivastava A et al (2005) The apoptotic response to pneumolysin is
Toll-like receptor 4 dependent and protects against pneumococcal
disease. Infect Immun 73:6479–6487
Stappenbeck TS, Hooper LV, Gordon JI (2002) Developmental regulation of intestinal angiogenesis by indigenous microbes via Paneth
cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:15451–15455
Stolp H, Starr MP (1963) Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus gen. et sp. n., a
predatory, ectoparasitic, and bacteriolytic microorganism. Anton
Leeuw Int J G 29:217–248
Sullivan JT, Patrick HN, Lowther WL, Scott DB, Ronson CW (1995)
Nodulating strains of Rhizobium loti arise through chromosomal
symbiotic gene transfer in the environment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S
A 92:8985–8989
Sundaramurthy V, Pieters J (2007) Interactions of pathogenic
mycobacteria with host macrophages. Microbes Infect 9:1671–1679
Taylor MJ (2003) Wolbachia in the inflammatory pathogenesis in
human filariasis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 990:444–449
Taylor MJ, Bilo K, Cross HF, Archer JP, Underwood AP (1999) 16S
rDNA phylogeny and ultrastructural characterization of Wolbachia
intracellular bacteria of the filarial nematode Brugia malayi, B.
pahangi, and Wuchereria bancrofti. Exp Parasitol 91:356–361
Teplitski M, Robinson JB, Bauer WD (2000) Plants secrete substances
that mimic bacterial N-acyl homoserine lactone signal activities and
affect population density-dependent behaviors in associated bacteria. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 13:637–648
Thanassi DG, Hultgren SJ (2000) Multiple pathways allow protein
secretion across the bacterial outer membrane. Curr Opin Cell
Biol 12:420–430
Troxler J, Svercel M, Natsch A, Zala M, Keel C, Moe ¨nne-Loccoz Y,
De ´fago G (2012) Persistence of a biocontrol Pseudomonas inoculant as high populations of culturable and non-culturable cells in
200-cm-deep soil profiles. Soil Biol Biochem 44:122–129
Turner JD, Mand S, Debrah AY, Muehlfeld J, Pfarr K, McGarry HF,
Adjei O, Taylor MJ, Hoerauf A (2006) A randomized, double-blind
clinical trial of a 3-week course of doxycycline plus albendazole
and ivermectin for the treatment of Wuchereria bancrofti infection.
Clin Infect Dis 42:1081–1089
Tzfira Y, Citovsky V (2006) Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of plants: biology and biotechnology. Curr Opin Biotechnol
17:147–154
Van de Velde W et al (2010) Plant peptides govern terminal differentiation of bacteria in symbiosis. Science 327:1122–1126
van der Maarel E (2005) Vegetation ecology. Blackwell Science,
Oxford
van Elsas JD, Jansson JK, Trevors JT (2007) Modern soil microbiology.
CRC Press, Boca Raton
van Ham RC, Kamerbeek J, Palacios C (2003) Reductive genome
evolution in Buchnera aphidicola. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
100:581–586
van Loon LC, Rep M, Pieterse CMJ (2006) Significance of inducible
defense-related proteins in infected plants. Annu Rev Phytopathol
44:135–162
Van Valen L (1973) A new evolutionary law. Evol Theor 1:1–30
Vandamme P, Govan J, LiPuma J (2007) Diversity and role of
Burkholderia spp. In: Coenye T, Vandamme P (eds) Burkholderia:
molecular microbiology and genomics. Horizon Bioscience,
Wymondham, pp 1–28
Vavre F, Kremer N, Pannebakker BA, Mavingui P (2008) Is symbiosis
influenced by pleiotropic role of programmed cell death in immunity and development? In: Bourtzis K, Miller TA (eds) Insect
symbiosis, vol 3. CRC Press/Taylor and Francis Group, Boca
Raton, pp 57–75
Vaux DL, Haecker G, Strasser A (1994) An evolutionary perspective
on apoptosis. Cell 76:777–779
Velmurugan K et al (2007) Mycobacterium tuberculosis nuoG is a
virulence gene that inhibits apoptosis of infected host cells. PLoS
Pathol 3:e110
Vial L, Lavire C, Mavingui P, Blaha D, Haurat J, Moe ¨nne-Loccoz Y,
Bally R, Wisniewski-Dye ´ F (2006) Phase variation and
genomic architecture changes in Azospirillum. J Bacteriol
188:5364–5373
Villate L, Morin E, Demangeat G, Van Helden M, Esmenjaud D (2012)
Control of Xiphinema index populations by fallow plants under
greenhouse and field conditions. Phytopathology 102:627–634
Waksman SA (1969) Successes and failures in the search for
antibiotics. Adv Appl Microbiol 11:1–16
11 Microorganisms and Biotic Interactions
443
and IL-10 modulate the induction of apoptosis by virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis in murine macrophages. J Immunol
162:6122–6131
Rosenzweig C, Iglesias A, Yang XB, Epstein PR, Chivian E (2000)
Climate change and US agriculture: the impacts of warming and
extreme weather events on productivity, plant diseases, and pests.
Center for Health and the Global Environment, Boston. http://www.
med.harvard.edu/chge
Roth RR, James WD (1988) Microbial ecology of the skin. Annu Rev
Microbiol 42:441–464
Roulston A, Marcellus RC, Branton PE (1999) Viruses and apoptosis.
Annu Rev Microbiol 53:577–628
Roy S, Khasa DP, Greer CW (2007) Combining alders, frankiae, and
mycorrhizae for the revegetation and remediation of contaminated
ecosystems. Can J Bot 85:237–251
Saint Andre ´ AV et al (2002) The role of endosymbiotic Wolbachia
bacteria in the pathogenesis of river blindness. Science
295:1892–1895
Salaun B, Romero P, Lebecque S (2007) Toll-like receptors’ two-edged
sword: when immunity meets apoptosis. Eur J Immunol
37:3311–3318
Sandkvist M (2001) Biology of type II secretion. Mol Microbiol
40:271–283
Santos AV, Dillon RJ, Dillon VM, Reynolds SE, Samuels RL (2004)
Occurrence of the antibiotic producing bacterium Burkholderia sp.
in colonies of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens rubropilosa. FEMS
Microbiol Lett 15:319–323
Savage D, Barbetti MJ, MacLeod WJ, Salam MU, Renton M (2012)
Seasonal and diurnal patterns of spore release can significantly
affect the proportion of spores expected to undergo long-distance
dispersal. Microb Ecol 63:578–585
Schuffenecker I et al (2006) Genome microevolution of chikungunya
viruses causing the Indian Ocean outbreak. PLoS Med 3:e263
Shigenobu S, Watanabe H, Hattori M, Sakaki Y, Ishikawa H (2000)
Genome sequence of the endocellular bacterial symbiont of aphids
Buchnera sp. APS Nat 407:81–86
Silver AC, Kikuchi Y, Fadl AA, Sha J, Chopra AK, Graf J (2007)
Interaction between innate immune cells and a bacterial type III
secretion system in mutualistic and pathogenic associations. Proc
Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:9481–9486
Simon L, Bousquet J, Levesque RC, Lalonde M (1993) Origin and
diversification of endomycorrhizal fungi and coincidence with vascular land plant. Nature 363:67–69
Smadja B, Latour X, Faure D, Chevalier S, Dessaux Y, Orange N
(2004) Involvement of N-acylhomoserine lactones throughout
plant infection by Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica
(Pectobacterium atrosepticum). Mol Plant Microbe Interact
17:1269–1278
Snaidr J, Amann R, Huber I, Ludwig W, Schleifer KH (1997) Phylogenetic analysis and in situ identification of bacteria in activated
sludge. Appl Environ Microbiol 63:2884–2896
Socha A, Long R, Rowley D (2007) Bacillamides from a hypersaline
microbial mat bacterium. J Nat Prod 70:1793–1795
Srivastava A et al (2005) The apoptotic response to pneumolysin is
Toll-like receptor 4 dependent and protects against pneumococcal
disease. Infect Immun 73:6479–6487
Stappenbeck TS, Hooper LV, Gordon JI (2002) Developmental regulation of intestinal angiogenesis by indigenous microbes via Paneth
cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:15451–15455
Stolp H, Starr MP (1963) Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus gen. et sp. n., a
predatory, ectoparasitic, and bacteriolytic microorganism. Anton
Leeuw Int J G 29:217–248
Sullivan JT, Patrick HN, Lowther WL, Scott DB, Ronson CW (1995)
Nodulating strains of Rhizobium loti arise through chromosomal
symbiotic gene transfer in the environment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S
A 92:8985–8989
Sundaramurthy V, Pieters J (2007) Interactions of pathogenic
mycobacteria with host macrophages. Microbes Infect 9:1671–1679
Taylor MJ (2003) Wolbachia in the inflammatory pathogenesis in
human filariasis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 990:444–449
Taylor MJ, Bilo K, Cross HF, Archer JP, Underwood AP (1999) 16S
rDNA phylogeny and ultrastructural characterization of Wolbachia
intracellular bacteria of the filarial nematode Brugia malayi, B.
pahangi, and Wuchereria bancrofti. Exp Parasitol 91:356–361
Teplitski M, Robinson JB, Bauer WD (2000) Plants secrete substances
that mimic bacterial N-acyl homoserine lactone signal activities and
affect population density-dependent behaviors in associated bacteria. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 13:637–648
Thanassi DG, Hultgren SJ (2000) Multiple pathways allow protein
secretion across the bacterial outer membrane. Curr Opin Cell
Biol 12:420–430
Troxler J, Svercel M, Natsch A, Zala M, Keel C, Moe ¨nne-Loccoz Y,
De ´fago G (2012) Persistence of a biocontrol Pseudomonas inoculant as high populations of culturable and non-culturable cells in
200-cm-deep soil profiles. Soil Biol Biochem 44:122–129
Turner JD, Mand S, Debrah AY, Muehlfeld J, Pfarr K, McGarry HF,
Adjei O, Taylor MJ, Hoerauf A (2006) A randomized, double-blind
clinical trial of a 3-week course of doxycycline plus albendazole
and ivermectin for the treatment of Wuchereria bancrofti infection.
Clin Infect Dis 42:1081–1089
Tzfira Y, Citovsky V (2006) Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of plants: biology and biotechnology. Curr Opin Biotechnol
17:147–154
Van de Velde W et al (2010) Plant peptides govern terminal differentiation of bacteria in symbiosis. Science 327:1122–1126
van der Maarel E (2005) Vegetation ecology. Blackwell Science,
Oxford
van Elsas JD, Jansson JK, Trevors JT (2007) Modern soil microbiology.
CRC Press, Boca Raton
van Ham RC, Kamerbeek J, Palacios C (2003) Reductive genome
evolution in Buchnera aphidicola. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
100:581–586
van Loon LC, Rep M, Pieterse CMJ (2006) Significance of inducible
defense-related proteins in infected plants. Annu Rev Phytopathol
44:135–162
Van Valen L (1973) A new evolutionary law. Evol Theor 1:1–30
Vandamme P, Govan J, LiPuma J (2007) Diversity and role of
Burkholderia spp. In: Coenye T, Vandamme P (eds) Burkholderia:
molecular microbiology and genomics. Horizon Bioscience,
Wymondham, pp 1–28
Vavre F, Kremer N, Pannebakker BA, Mavingui P (2008) Is symbiosis
influenced by pleiotropic role of programmed cell death in immunity and development? In: Bourtzis K, Miller TA (eds) Insect
symbiosis, vol 3. CRC Press/Taylor and Francis Group, Boca
Raton, pp 57–75
Vaux DL, Haecker G, Strasser A (1994) An evolutionary perspective
on apoptosis. Cell 76:777–779
Velmurugan K et al (2007) Mycobacterium tuberculosis nuoG is a
virulence gene that inhibits apoptosis of infected host cells. PLoS
Pathol 3:e110
Vial L, Lavire C, Mavingui P, Blaha D, Haurat J, Moe ¨nne-Loccoz Y,
Bally R, Wisniewski-Dye ´ F (2006) Phase variation and
genomic architecture changes in Azospirillum. J Bacteriol
188:5364–5373
Villate L, Morin E, Demangeat G, Van Helden M, Esmenjaud D (2012)
Control of Xiphinema index populations by fallow plants under
greenhouse and field conditions. Phytopathology 102:627–634
Waksman SA (1969) Successes and failures in the search for
antibiotics. Adv Appl Microbiol 11:1–16
11 Microorganisms and Biotic Interactions
443