Cyanobacterial
ancestor:
chl a, b,
phycobilins
Rhodobionta: chl
a, phycobilins
(1) Dinobionta: chl
a, c, peridinin
(secondary and
tertiary
endosymbioses)
Viridiplantae :
chl a, b
(evolution)
Cryptobionta: chl
a, c, phycobilins
(3) Dinobionta: chl
a, c, phycobilins
(Rhodomonas)
Haptobionta: chl
a, c, fucoxanthin
(4) Dinobionta: chl
a, c, fucoxanthin
(Gymnodinium)
Diatom: chl a, c,
fucoxanthin
(5) Dinobionta: chl
a, c, fucoxanthin
(Peridinium)
(2) Dinobionta: chl
a, b (Lepidodinium)
ALVEOLATA
(evolution)
(primary endosymbiosis)
Fig. 5.15 Origin of the photosynthesis in Dinobionta (Alveolata,
bottom), via secondary and tertiary endosymbioses. Acquisition
pathways are numbered (1) through (5) (see text). The hypothetical
cyanobacterial ancestor (top left) is in blue. Chloroplasts of the red and
green pathway are in red and green, respectively. Peridinin and
fucoxanthin are carotenoid pigments (Modified and redrawn from
Falkowski et al. 2004)
Million years before present
CO 2 concentration in atmosphere
(according to present: 1)
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
500
400
300
200
100
0
Historical minimum of CO 2
Fig. 5.16 Changes in the content
of CO 2 in the atmosphere over the
past 600 Ma. The value “1”
corresponds to the current level of
CO 2 (0.039 %) in the atmosphere
(Modified and redrawn from Lee
and Kugrens 2000)
5 Systematic and Evolution of Microorganisms: General Concepts
129