Common
ancestral state
Ancestral
archaebacteria
Methanogens
bacteria
acidophiles
ancestral
Eubacteria
Green sulfur
bacteria
Purple
bacteria
Spirochaetes
Cyanobacteria
Gram
positive
Ancestral
Urkaryote
?
Eukaryotic
‘cytoplasms’
True
Eukaryotes
PS
PNS-1
PNS-2
Desulfovibrio
Endosymbionts
Pseudomonads
Enterobacteria
Paracoccus
Rhizobium
Sphaerotilus
Alcaligenes
‘Actinomyces’
‘Clostridia’
Arthrobacter group
CMN group
Streptomyces
Propionibacteria
Bifidobacteria
Bacillus
Lactobacillus
Mycoplasma
Fig. 5.4 The phylogenetic tree of Carl Woese. It establishes for the
first time, based on the analysis of the gene 16S ribosomal RNA, the
distinction between Bacteria and Archaea. The nomenclature has not
been actualized. PS purple sulfur, PNS purple non sulfur (Modified and
redrawn from Fox et al. 1980)
LUCA
Chlorobacteria
Hadobacteria
Eobacteria
Cyanobacteria
Spirochaetes
Endobacteria
(with Heliobacteria)
Arthrobacteria
Streptomycetes
Arabobacteria
Actinobacteria
POSIBACTERIA
Rhodobacteria
Thiobacteria
Geobacteria
Proteobacteria
Planctobacteria
Sphingobacteria
EUKARYOTES
ARCHAEA
NEGIBACTERIA
Neomura
Fig. 5.5 Phylogeny of Bacteria
and origin of Archaea and of
eukaryotes (Modified, simplified,
and redrawn from Cavalier-Smith
2002a)
5 Systematic and Evolution of Microorganisms: General Concepts
119