640
MacDonell MT, Swartz DG, Ortiz-Conde BA, Last GA, Colwell RR (1986) Ribosomal RNA phylogenies for the vibrio-enteric group of eubacteria. Microbiol Sci 3:172–179
Maher M, Palmer R, Gannon F, Smith T (1995) Relationship of a novel bacterial fi sh pathogen to
Streptobacillus moniliformis and the fusobacteria group, based on 16S ribosomal RNA analysis. Syst Appl Microbiol 18:79–84
Marshall S, Heath S, Henríquez V, Orrego C (1998) Minimally invasive detection of Piscirickettsia
salmonis in cultivated salmonids via the PCR. Appl Environ Microbiol 64:3066–3069
Mauel MJ, Fryer JL (2001) Amplifi cation of a Piscirickettsia salmonis -like 16S rDNA product
from bacterioplankton DNA collected from the coastal waters of Oregon, USA. J Aquat Anim
Health 13:280–284
Mauel MJ, Giovannoni SJ, Fryer JL (1996) Development of polymerase chain reaction assays for
detection, identifi cation and differentiation of Piscirickettsia salmonis . Dis Aquat Org
26:189–195
Mauel MJ, Miller DL, Frazier K, Liggett AD, Styer L, Montgomery-Brock D, Brock J (2003)
Characterization of a piscirickettsiosis-like disease in Hawaiian tilapia. Dis Aquat Org
53:249–255
McCarthy Ú, Steiropoulos NA, Thompson KD, Adams A, Ellis AE, Ferguson HW (2005)
Confi rmation of Piscirickettsia salmonis in European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax and phylogenetic comparison with salmonid strains. Dis Org 64:107–119
McIntosh D, Austin B (1990) Recovery of cell wall defi cient forms (L-forms) of the fi sh pathogens
Aeromonas salmonicida and Yersinia ruckeri . Syst Appl Microbiol 13:378–381
Metselaar M, Thompson KD, Gratacap RML, Kik MJL, LePatra SE, Lloyd SJ, Call DR, Smith
PD, Adams A (2010) Association of red-mark syndrome with a Rickettsia -like organism and
its connection with strawberry disease in the USA. J Fish Dis 33:849–858
Michel C, Bernardet J-F, Daniel P, Chilmonczyk S, Urdaci M, De Kinkelin P (2002) Clinical and
aetiological aspects of a summer enteritic syndrome associated with the sporulating segmented
fi lamentous bacterium, ‘ Candidatus Arthromitus’ in farmed rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus
mykiss (Walbaum). J Fish Dis 25:533–543
Mitchell SO, Steinum TM, Toenshoff ER, Agnar Kvellestad A, Falk K, Horn M, Colquhoun DJ
(2013) ‘ Candidatus Branchiomonas cysticola’ is a common agent of epitheliocysts in seawaterfarmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in Norway and Ireland. Dis Aquat Org 103:35–43
Moss MO, Ryall C (1980) The genus Chromobacterium . In: Starr MP, Stolp H, Trüper HG, Balows
A, Schlegel HG (eds) The Prokaryotes a handbook on habitats, isolation and identifi cation of
bacteria, vol 2. Springer, Berlin, pp 1355–1364
Nelson EJ, Ghiorse WC (1999) Isolation and identifi cation of Pseudoalteromonas piscicida strain
Cura-d associated with diseased damselfi sh (Pomacentridae) eggs. J Fish Dis 22:253–260
Olsen AB, Melby HP, Speilberg L, Evensen Ø, Håstein T (1997) Piscirickettsia salmonis infection
in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in Norway – epidemiological, pathological and microbiological
fi ndings. Dis Aquat Org 31:35–48
Palmer R, Drinan E, Murphy T (1994) A previously unknown disease of farmed Atlantic salmon:
pathology and establishment of bacterial aetiology. Dis Aquat Org 19:7–14
Palmer R, Ruttledge M, Callanan K, Drinan E (1997) A piscirickettsiosis-like disease in farmed
Atlantic salmon in Ireland – isolation of the agent. Bull Eur Assoc Fish Pathol 17:68–72
Pekala A, Kozinska A, Pazdzior E, Glowacka H (2015) Phenotypical and genotypical characterization of Shewanella putrefaciens strains isolated from diseased freshwater fi sh. J Fish Dis
38:283–293
Polkinghorne A, Schmidt-Posthaus H, Meijer A, Lehner A, Vaughan L (2010) Novel Chlamydiales
associated with epitheliocystis in a leopard shark Triakis semifasciata . Dis Aquat Org
91:75–81
Pujalte MJ, Sitjà-Bobadilla A, Macián MC, Álvarez-Pellitero P, Garay E (2007) Occurrence and
virulence of Pseudoalteromonas spp. in cultured gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata L.) and
European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax L.). Molecular and phenotypic characterisation of P.
undina strain U58. Aquaculture 271:47–53
11 Miscellaneous Pathogens
MacDonell MT, Swartz DG, Ortiz-Conde BA, Last GA, Colwell RR (1986) Ribosomal RNA phylogenies for the vibrio-enteric group of eubacteria. Microbiol Sci 3:172–179
Maher M, Palmer R, Gannon F, Smith T (1995) Relationship of a novel bacterial fi sh pathogen to
Streptobacillus moniliformis and the fusobacteria group, based on 16S ribosomal RNA analysis. Syst Appl Microbiol 18:79–84
Marshall S, Heath S, Henríquez V, Orrego C (1998) Minimally invasive detection of Piscirickettsia
salmonis in cultivated salmonids via the PCR. Appl Environ Microbiol 64:3066–3069
Mauel MJ, Fryer JL (2001) Amplifi cation of a Piscirickettsia salmonis -like 16S rDNA product
from bacterioplankton DNA collected from the coastal waters of Oregon, USA. J Aquat Anim
Health 13:280–284
Mauel MJ, Giovannoni SJ, Fryer JL (1996) Development of polymerase chain reaction assays for
detection, identifi cation and differentiation of Piscirickettsia salmonis . Dis Aquat Org
26:189–195
Mauel MJ, Miller DL, Frazier K, Liggett AD, Styer L, Montgomery-Brock D, Brock J (2003)
Characterization of a piscirickettsiosis-like disease in Hawaiian tilapia. Dis Aquat Org
53:249–255
McCarthy Ú, Steiropoulos NA, Thompson KD, Adams A, Ellis AE, Ferguson HW (2005)
Confi rmation of Piscirickettsia salmonis in European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax and phylogenetic comparison with salmonid strains. Dis Org 64:107–119
McIntosh D, Austin B (1990) Recovery of cell wall defi cient forms (L-forms) of the fi sh pathogens
Aeromonas salmonicida and Yersinia ruckeri . Syst Appl Microbiol 13:378–381
Metselaar M, Thompson KD, Gratacap RML, Kik MJL, LePatra SE, Lloyd SJ, Call DR, Smith
PD, Adams A (2010) Association of red-mark syndrome with a Rickettsia -like organism and
its connection with strawberry disease in the USA. J Fish Dis 33:849–858
Michel C, Bernardet J-F, Daniel P, Chilmonczyk S, Urdaci M, De Kinkelin P (2002) Clinical and
aetiological aspects of a summer enteritic syndrome associated with the sporulating segmented
fi lamentous bacterium, ‘ Candidatus Arthromitus’ in farmed rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus
mykiss (Walbaum). J Fish Dis 25:533–543
Mitchell SO, Steinum TM, Toenshoff ER, Agnar Kvellestad A, Falk K, Horn M, Colquhoun DJ
(2013) ‘ Candidatus Branchiomonas cysticola’ is a common agent of epitheliocysts in seawaterfarmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in Norway and Ireland. Dis Aquat Org 103:35–43
Moss MO, Ryall C (1980) The genus Chromobacterium . In: Starr MP, Stolp H, Trüper HG, Balows
A, Schlegel HG (eds) The Prokaryotes a handbook on habitats, isolation and identifi cation of
bacteria, vol 2. Springer, Berlin, pp 1355–1364
Nelson EJ, Ghiorse WC (1999) Isolation and identifi cation of Pseudoalteromonas piscicida strain
Cura-d associated with diseased damselfi sh (Pomacentridae) eggs. J Fish Dis 22:253–260
Olsen AB, Melby HP, Speilberg L, Evensen Ø, Håstein T (1997) Piscirickettsia salmonis infection
in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in Norway – epidemiological, pathological and microbiological
fi ndings. Dis Aquat Org 31:35–48
Palmer R, Drinan E, Murphy T (1994) A previously unknown disease of farmed Atlantic salmon:
pathology and establishment of bacterial aetiology. Dis Aquat Org 19:7–14
Palmer R, Ruttledge M, Callanan K, Drinan E (1997) A piscirickettsiosis-like disease in farmed
Atlantic salmon in Ireland – isolation of the agent. Bull Eur Assoc Fish Pathol 17:68–72
Pekala A, Kozinska A, Pazdzior E, Glowacka H (2015) Phenotypical and genotypical characterization of Shewanella putrefaciens strains isolated from diseased freshwater fi sh. J Fish Dis
38:283–293
Polkinghorne A, Schmidt-Posthaus H, Meijer A, Lehner A, Vaughan L (2010) Novel Chlamydiales
associated with epitheliocystis in a leopard shark Triakis semifasciata . Dis Aquat Org
91:75–81
Pujalte MJ, Sitjà-Bobadilla A, Macián MC, Álvarez-Pellitero P, Garay E (2007) Occurrence and
virulence of Pseudoalteromonas spp. in cultured gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata L.) and
European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax L.). Molecular and phenotypic characterisation of P.
undina strain U58. Aquaculture 271:47–53
11 Miscellaneous Pathogens