448
Identifi cation/Diagnosis
PCR technology involving primers that amplifi ed a 248 bp fragment of the 16S
rRNA gene has been used, and permitted the detection of 1–10 bacterial cells/reaction within 3 h. The PCR discriminated T. soleae in mixed plate culture (GarcíaGonzález et al. 2011 ). López et al. ( 2011 ) described a PCR involving a 16S-23S
internal spacer region (ISR) that was regarded as useful for discriminating the
pathogen, and had a detection limit of 1 pg of DNA/reaction (= <30 bacterial cells)
for pure cultures. In the presence of fi sh DNA or from other bacteria, the detection
limit was 10 pg.
Pathogenicity
It has been stated that experimental infections of T. soleae in sole and turbot have
been achieved (Piñeiro-Vidal et al. 2008b ).
Sporocytophaga spp.
Negligible information is available about these Gram-negative microcyst-forming
organisms (see Pacha and Ordal 1970 ), isolation was achieved using a seawater
based medium (Appendix in Chap. 12 ; Anderson and Conroy 1969 ). Data have
indicated that control may be exercised by use of pyridylmercuric acetate, ethylmercuric phosphate, oxytetracycline or chlortetracycline, at 1 mg/l for 1 h (Wood 1968 ),
or a 2-min dip in copper sulphate (repeated on 3 consecutive days) at 1:2000
(Anderson and Conroy 1969 ).
References
Acuigrup (1980) Flavobacteriosis in coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ). In: Ahne W (ed) Fish
diseases, third COPRAQ-session. Springer, Berlin, pp 212–217
Adikesavalu H, Patra A, Banerjee S, Sarkar A, Abraham TJ (2015) Phenotypic and molecular
characterization and pathology of Flectobacillus roseus causing fl ectobacillosis in captive held
carp Labeo rohita (Ham.) fi ngerlings. Aquaculture 439:60–65
Ajmal M, Hobbs BC (1967) Species of Corynebacterium and Pasteurella isolated from diseased
salmon, trout and rudd. Nature (London) 215:142–143
Allen DA, Austin B, Colwell RR (1983) Numerical taxonomy of bacterial isolates associated with
a freshwater fi shery. J Gen Microbiol 129:2043–2062
Altinok I, Grizzle JM (2001) Effects of low salinity on Flavobacterium columnare infection of
euryhaline and freshwater dtenohaline fi sh. J Fish Dis 24:361–367
7 Flavobacteria and Cytophagas
Identifi cation/Diagnosis
PCR technology involving primers that amplifi ed a 248 bp fragment of the 16S
rRNA gene has been used, and permitted the detection of 1–10 bacterial cells/reaction within 3 h. The PCR discriminated T. soleae in mixed plate culture (GarcíaGonzález et al. 2011 ). López et al. ( 2011 ) described a PCR involving a 16S-23S
internal spacer region (ISR) that was regarded as useful for discriminating the
pathogen, and had a detection limit of 1 pg of DNA/reaction (= <30 bacterial cells)
for pure cultures. In the presence of fi sh DNA or from other bacteria, the detection
limit was 10 pg.
Pathogenicity
It has been stated that experimental infections of T. soleae in sole and turbot have
been achieved (Piñeiro-Vidal et al. 2008b ).
Sporocytophaga spp.
Negligible information is available about these Gram-negative microcyst-forming
organisms (see Pacha and Ordal 1970 ), isolation was achieved using a seawater
based medium (Appendix in Chap. 12 ; Anderson and Conroy 1969 ). Data have
indicated that control may be exercised by use of pyridylmercuric acetate, ethylmercuric phosphate, oxytetracycline or chlortetracycline, at 1 mg/l for 1 h (Wood 1968 ),
or a 2-min dip in copper sulphate (repeated on 3 consecutive days) at 1:2000
(Anderson and Conroy 1969 ).
References
Acuigrup (1980) Flavobacteriosis in coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ). In: Ahne W (ed) Fish
diseases, third COPRAQ-session. Springer, Berlin, pp 212–217
Adikesavalu H, Patra A, Banerjee S, Sarkar A, Abraham TJ (2015) Phenotypic and molecular
characterization and pathology of Flectobacillus roseus causing fl ectobacillosis in captive held
carp Labeo rohita (Ham.) fi ngerlings. Aquaculture 439:60–65
Ajmal M, Hobbs BC (1967) Species of Corynebacterium and Pasteurella isolated from diseased
salmon, trout and rudd. Nature (London) 215:142–143
Allen DA, Austin B, Colwell RR (1983) Numerical taxonomy of bacterial isolates associated with
a freshwater fi shery. J Gen Microbiol 129:2043–2062
Altinok I, Grizzle JM (2001) Effects of low salinity on Flavobacterium columnare infection of
euryhaline and freshwater dtenohaline fi sh. J Fish Dis 24:361–367
7 Flavobacteria and Cytophagas