402
Characteristics of the Pathogen
Pathogenicity
Pathogenicity of one culture, T68
T
, was established for multiple Great Lakes salmonid species (Loch 2012 ).
Chryseobacterium balustinum (= Flavobacterium balustinum)
Isolation
‘Halibut jelly’ was used to culture Chrys. balustinum as yellow-green (‘fl uorescent’) pigmented colonies (Harrison and Sadler 1929 ).
Box 7.1: Chryseobacterium aahli
The two cultures examined comprise semi-translucent, golden yellow colonies with fl exirubrin-type pigment, 1.0–1.5 mm in diameter, and convex with
entire margins. The organisms are Gram-negative nonmotile, non-gliding rods
of 1.5–2.0 μm in length, that produce acid and alkaline phosphatase, N acetylß –glucosaminidase, α-chymotrypsin, catalase, ß-glucosidase, naphthol-ASBI- phosphohydrolase, and oxidase, but not arginine dihydrolase, α–fucosidase,
α– or ß-galactosidase, ß-glucuronidase, H 2 S, indole, esterase, esterase lipase,
cysteine, leucine and valine arylamidase, lysine or ornithine decarboxylase,
α–mannosidase or tryptophan deaminase. Growth occurs on TSA, but not on
cetrimide agar, MacConkey agar or marine 2216E agar, at 4–22 °C but not at
37 °C, on 0–2 % (w/v) sodium chloride (only weakly at 2 %), and at pH 6.0–
8.0. Aesculin, casein, elastin, gelatin and Tween 20 and 80 are degraded, but
not agar, starch, L-tyrosine or urea. The Voges Proskauer reaction is negative.
Nitrates are not reduced. Citrate is utilized. L arabinose, D-glucose and D–
mannose are utilized weakly, but not N acetylglucosamine, adipic acid, capric
acid, malic acid, maltose, D-mannitol, phenylacetic acid, potassium gluconate
nor trisodium citrate. Acid is produced from aesculin, gentiobiose (weakly),
D-glucose (weakly) and trehalose (weakly), but not from D-adonitol, amygdalin, D- or L-arabinose, D- or L-arabitol, arbutin, cellobiose, dulcitol, erythritol, D- or L-fucose, D-galactose, glycerol, glycogen, inositol, inulin, lactose,
maltose, D-mannitol, melezitose, melibiose, potassium gluconate, raffi nose,
rhamnose, D-ribose, L-sorbose, D-sorbitol, starch, turanose, xylitol or D- or
L-xylose. The major fatty acids comprise iso-C 15:0 , summed feature 3(C 16 :1
ω6c and/or C 16:1 ω 7c), iso-C 17:0 3-OH, C 16:0 and C 16:0 3-OH. The G + C ratio of
the DNA of the type strain is 34.1 mol% (Loch and Faisal 2014b ).
7 Flavobacteria and Cytophagas
Characteristics of the Pathogen
Pathogenicity
Pathogenicity of one culture, T68
T
, was established for multiple Great Lakes salmonid species (Loch 2012 ).
Chryseobacterium balustinum (= Flavobacterium balustinum)
Isolation
‘Halibut jelly’ was used to culture Chrys. balustinum as yellow-green (‘fl uorescent’) pigmented colonies (Harrison and Sadler 1929 ).
Box 7.1: Chryseobacterium aahli
The two cultures examined comprise semi-translucent, golden yellow colonies with fl exirubrin-type pigment, 1.0–1.5 mm in diameter, and convex with
entire margins. The organisms are Gram-negative nonmotile, non-gliding rods
of 1.5–2.0 μm in length, that produce acid and alkaline phosphatase, N acetylß –glucosaminidase, α-chymotrypsin, catalase, ß-glucosidase, naphthol-ASBI- phosphohydrolase, and oxidase, but not arginine dihydrolase, α–fucosidase,
α– or ß-galactosidase, ß-glucuronidase, H 2 S, indole, esterase, esterase lipase,
cysteine, leucine and valine arylamidase, lysine or ornithine decarboxylase,
α–mannosidase or tryptophan deaminase. Growth occurs on TSA, but not on
cetrimide agar, MacConkey agar or marine 2216E agar, at 4–22 °C but not at
37 °C, on 0–2 % (w/v) sodium chloride (only weakly at 2 %), and at pH 6.0–
8.0. Aesculin, casein, elastin, gelatin and Tween 20 and 80 are degraded, but
not agar, starch, L-tyrosine or urea. The Voges Proskauer reaction is negative.
Nitrates are not reduced. Citrate is utilized. L arabinose, D-glucose and D–
mannose are utilized weakly, but not N acetylglucosamine, adipic acid, capric
acid, malic acid, maltose, D-mannitol, phenylacetic acid, potassium gluconate
nor trisodium citrate. Acid is produced from aesculin, gentiobiose (weakly),
D-glucose (weakly) and trehalose (weakly), but not from D-adonitol, amygdalin, D- or L-arabinose, D- or L-arabitol, arbutin, cellobiose, dulcitol, erythritol, D- or L-fucose, D-galactose, glycerol, glycogen, inositol, inulin, lactose,
maltose, D-mannitol, melezitose, melibiose, potassium gluconate, raffi nose,
rhamnose, D-ribose, L-sorbose, D-sorbitol, starch, turanose, xylitol or D- or
L-xylose. The major fatty acids comprise iso-C 15:0 , summed feature 3(C 16 :1
ω6c and/or C 16:1 ω 7c), iso-C 17:0 3-OH, C 16:0 and C 16:0 3-OH. The G + C ratio of
the DNA of the type strain is 34.1 mol% (Loch and Faisal 2014b ).
7 Flavobacteria and Cytophagas