358
Salmonella enterica
arizonae (Salmonella choleraesuis
subsp.
subs sp.
=
)
arizonae Salmonella arizonae
Characteristics of the Disease
Sal. enterica subsp. arizonae was recovered during 1986 from a single dead pirarucu, Arapaima gigas, which had been exhibited in an aquarium at Sapporo, Japan.
The pirarucu was deemed to have died of a septicaemic condition. Externally, there
was minimal evidence of disease, with the eyes (corneas) displaying opacity. A
bloody exudate was found in the body cavity. Lesions and congestions were recorded
in the mucus membranes of the stomach and intestine (Kodama et al. 1987 ).
Isolation
Samples of internal organs were inoculated onto plates of blood agar, BHIA and
MacConkey agar with incubation at 25 °C for 48 h. Thereupon, an organism was
recovered as pure culture growth from heart, kidney, liver and spleen (Kodama et al.
1987 ).
Characteristics of the Pathogen
In a previous study by Austin et al. ( 1982 ), a possible taxonomic relationship was
discussed between Y. ruckeri and Sal. choleraesuis subsp. arizonae . Therefore, it is
ironic that the latter organism has now been involved in fi sh pathogenicity. To date,
this is the only report implicating Sal. enterica subsp. arizonae as a fi sh pathogen
(Kodama et al. 1987 ). With the exception of acid production from arabinose, raffi -
nose and sucrose, there is good agreement with the description of Sal. enterica
subsp. arizonae (Popoff and Le Minor 2005 ). Yet, agglutination was not recorded
Box 6.13: Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae
Cultures contain Gram-negative fermentative, motile rods, which produce
catalase, ß-galactosidase, H 2 S and lysine decarboxylase but not indole or oxidase. Neither aesculin, blood, casein, gelatin, starch nor urea is degraded.
Citrate is utilised, nitrate is reduced, and the methyl red test is positive. The
Voges Proskauer reaction is negative. Acid is produced from glucose (plus
gas), lactose, maltose, mannitol, raffi nose, sorbitol, sucrose, trehalose and
xylose, but not arabinose or salicin. Growth occurs at 15–41 °C in 0–6 %
(w/v) NaCl and on MacConkey agar (Kodama et al. 1987 ).
6 Enterobacteriaceae Representatives
Salmonella enterica
arizonae (Salmonella choleraesuis
subsp.
subs sp.
=
)
arizonae Salmonella arizonae
Characteristics of the Disease
Sal. enterica subsp. arizonae was recovered during 1986 from a single dead pirarucu, Arapaima gigas, which had been exhibited in an aquarium at Sapporo, Japan.
The pirarucu was deemed to have died of a septicaemic condition. Externally, there
was minimal evidence of disease, with the eyes (corneas) displaying opacity. A
bloody exudate was found in the body cavity. Lesions and congestions were recorded
in the mucus membranes of the stomach and intestine (Kodama et al. 1987 ).
Isolation
Samples of internal organs were inoculated onto plates of blood agar, BHIA and
MacConkey agar with incubation at 25 °C for 48 h. Thereupon, an organism was
recovered as pure culture growth from heart, kidney, liver and spleen (Kodama et al.
1987 ).
Characteristics of the Pathogen
In a previous study by Austin et al. ( 1982 ), a possible taxonomic relationship was
discussed between Y. ruckeri and Sal. choleraesuis subsp. arizonae . Therefore, it is
ironic that the latter organism has now been involved in fi sh pathogenicity. To date,
this is the only report implicating Sal. enterica subsp. arizonae as a fi sh pathogen
(Kodama et al. 1987 ). With the exception of acid production from arabinose, raffi -
nose and sucrose, there is good agreement with the description of Sal. enterica
subsp. arizonae (Popoff and Le Minor 2005 ). Yet, agglutination was not recorded
Box 6.13: Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae
Cultures contain Gram-negative fermentative, motile rods, which produce
catalase, ß-galactosidase, H 2 S and lysine decarboxylase but not indole or oxidase. Neither aesculin, blood, casein, gelatin, starch nor urea is degraded.
Citrate is utilised, nitrate is reduced, and the methyl red test is positive. The
Voges Proskauer reaction is negative. Acid is produced from glucose (plus
gas), lactose, maltose, mannitol, raffi nose, sorbitol, sucrose, trehalose and
xylose, but not arabinose or salicin. Growth occurs at 15–41 °C in 0–6 %
(w/v) NaCl and on MacConkey agar (Kodama et al. 1987 ).
6 Enterobacteriaceae Representatives