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Indian Banyan Tree and Mimosoid/‘miracle’ Tree
Powdered preparations of the aerial roots and pod seeds of the Indian banyan tree
( Ficus benghalensis ) and mimosoid/‘miracle’ tree ( Leucaena leucocephala ) were
fed at 5 % to Indian snakehead ( Channa punctata ) resulting in immunostimulation
(lysozyme and phagocytic activities; increased antibody levels) and protection
against challenge (Verma et al. 2015 ).
Willow Herb
Willow herb ( Epilobium hirsutum ) extract enhanced immunomodulation (leucocyte
numbers) and resistance to challenge when fed at 3 % to common carp (Pakravan
et al. 2012 ).
American Ginseng
American ginseng ( Panax quinquefolium ) was effective as a dietary supplement
when dosed at 1.0, 2.0 [optimal dose], or 5.0 g/kg diet for 8-weeks to Nile tilapia
with the data revealing improved growth and survival from challenge (AbdelTawwab 2012a , b ).
Mangrove
Methanol extract of mangrove ( Excoecaria agallocha leaves protected clownfi sh
( Amphiprion sebae ) against challenge (Dhayanithi et al. 2012 ).
Eugenol
Eugenol, which is a phenylpropanoid extracted from essential oils derived from
basil, bay leaf, cinnamon, clove oil or nutmeg, improved the survival of infected
silver catfi sh ( Rhamdia quelen) , when administered by bathing at 10 mg/L for
10-days (Sutili et al. 2014 ).
Tetra
Feeding at 0.5–1.5 g/kg for 30 days with an extract of the woody deciduous shrub,
tetra ( Cotinus coggygria ) immunostimulated (increased number of erythrocytes and
enhanced lysozyme, myeloperoxidase and nitroblue tetrazolium blue activities) Koi
carp ( Cyprinus carpio ), which resisted challenge (13.3–26.7 % mortalities compared with 40 % mortality of the controls) with Aer. hydrophila (Bilen et al. 2014 ).
4 Aeromonadaceae Representatives (Motile Aeromonads)
Indian Banyan Tree and Mimosoid/‘miracle’ Tree
Powdered preparations of the aerial roots and pod seeds of the Indian banyan tree
( Ficus benghalensis ) and mimosoid/‘miracle’ tree ( Leucaena leucocephala ) were
fed at 5 % to Indian snakehead ( Channa punctata ) resulting in immunostimulation
(lysozyme and phagocytic activities; increased antibody levels) and protection
against challenge (Verma et al. 2015 ).
Willow Herb
Willow herb ( Epilobium hirsutum ) extract enhanced immunomodulation (leucocyte
numbers) and resistance to challenge when fed at 3 % to common carp (Pakravan
et al. 2012 ).
American Ginseng
American ginseng ( Panax quinquefolium ) was effective as a dietary supplement
when dosed at 1.0, 2.0 [optimal dose], or 5.0 g/kg diet for 8-weeks to Nile tilapia
with the data revealing improved growth and survival from challenge (AbdelTawwab 2012a , b ).
Mangrove
Methanol extract of mangrove ( Excoecaria agallocha leaves protected clownfi sh
( Amphiprion sebae ) against challenge (Dhayanithi et al. 2012 ).
Eugenol
Eugenol, which is a phenylpropanoid extracted from essential oils derived from
basil, bay leaf, cinnamon, clove oil or nutmeg, improved the survival of infected
silver catfi sh ( Rhamdia quelen) , when administered by bathing at 10 mg/L for
10-days (Sutili et al. 2014 ).
Tetra
Feeding at 0.5–1.5 g/kg for 30 days with an extract of the woody deciduous shrub,
tetra ( Cotinus coggygria ) immunostimulated (increased number of erythrocytes and
enhanced lysozyme, myeloperoxidase and nitroblue tetrazolium blue activities) Koi
carp ( Cyprinus carpio ), which resisted challenge (13.3–26.7 % mortalities compared with 40 % mortality of the controls) with Aer. hydrophila (Bilen et al. 2014 ).
4 Aeromonadaceae Representatives (Motile Aeromonads)