140
These isolates matched closely the species description of Sta. epidermidis (Kloos
and Schliefer 1986 ), and approximated to biotypes II, V and VI of Baird-Parker
( 1963 , 1965 ). It is curious that a diverse range of serotypes, i.e. fi ve serotypes, were
recognised (Sugiyama and Kusuda 1981a ). The G + C content of the DNA was not
assessed.
Epizootiology
Sugiyama and Kusuda considered that the bacteria originated from water (or fi sh)
rather than from human beings, because of the pronounced antigenic differences to
human - Tachikawa - strains (Sugiyama and Kusuda 1981b ). This seems to be a
likely possibility in view of other ecological studies which have clearly demonstrated the presence of Sta. epidermidis in the aquatic environment (e.g. Gunn et al.
1982 ).
Disease Control
Use of Antimicrobial Compounds Wang et al. ( 1996 ) reported success with
erythromycin, dosed at 20 mg/kg body weight of fi sh/day for 10 days.
Staphylococcus warneri
Characteristics of the Disease
At a water temperature of 14–16 °C, rainbow trout of 50–100 g weight displayed
ulcerations on the fi ns and exophthalmia. The abdomens were distended with ascitic
fl uid. The kidney was normal, but the liver was discoloured (Gil et al. 2000 ).
Subsequently, the organism became associated with chronic nonlethal disease of
broodstock rainbow trout held at 10 °C in Turkey (Metin et al. 2014 ).
Isolation
Growth was achieved from the kidney and liver of diseased fi sh on TSA with incubation at 22–25 °C for 48–72 h (Gil et al. 2000 ).
3 Aerobic Gram-Positive Rods and Cocci
These isolates matched closely the species description of Sta. epidermidis (Kloos
and Schliefer 1986 ), and approximated to biotypes II, V and VI of Baird-Parker
( 1963 , 1965 ). It is curious that a diverse range of serotypes, i.e. fi ve serotypes, were
recognised (Sugiyama and Kusuda 1981a ). The G + C content of the DNA was not
assessed.
Epizootiology
Sugiyama and Kusuda considered that the bacteria originated from water (or fi sh)
rather than from human beings, because of the pronounced antigenic differences to
human - Tachikawa - strains (Sugiyama and Kusuda 1981b ). This seems to be a
likely possibility in view of other ecological studies which have clearly demonstrated the presence of Sta. epidermidis in the aquatic environment (e.g. Gunn et al.
1982 ).
Disease Control
Use of Antimicrobial Compounds Wang et al. ( 1996 ) reported success with
erythromycin, dosed at 20 mg/kg body weight of fi sh/day for 10 days.
Staphylococcus warneri
Characteristics of the Disease
At a water temperature of 14–16 °C, rainbow trout of 50–100 g weight displayed
ulcerations on the fi ns and exophthalmia. The abdomens were distended with ascitic
fl uid. The kidney was normal, but the liver was discoloured (Gil et al. 2000 ).
Subsequently, the organism became associated with chronic nonlethal disease of
broodstock rainbow trout held at 10 °C in Turkey (Metin et al. 2014 ).
Isolation
Growth was achieved from the kidney and liver of diseased fi sh on TSA with incubation at 22–25 °C for 48–72 h (Gil et al. 2000 ).
3 Aerobic Gram-Positive Rods and Cocci