Table 3 Extraction technics
Extraction
techniques
Advantages
Disadvantage
References
Water-soluble techniques
Autoclaving
(subcritical water)
High efficiency,
solvent eco-friendly,
recyclable, nontoxic
solvent, direct process
from culture with
concentration step,
subcritical water
High energy
consumption, not
suitable for delicate
compounds sensible
to temperature
Gong et al. (2017)
Boiling
Quick, solvent
eco-friendly,
recyclable, nontoxic
solvent, direct process
from culture with
concentration step,
good to extract
phenols
High energy
consumption, not
suitable for delicate
compounds sensible
to temperature, low
efficiency
Godlewska et al.
(2016)
Homogenization
(high pressure)
High efficiency,
co-extraction, can be
eco-friendly and
nontoxic (use of green
solvent)
High energy
consumption not
adequate for
compounds sensible
to temperature and/or
pressure
Mulchandani et al.
(2015)
Novel extraction techniques
Supercritical fluid
extraction (SFE)
High efficiency,
cheap, high removal
rate, eco-friendly,
with CO 2 for
thermolabile
molecules and other
fragile compounds,
recyclable
High inversion,
supercritical CO 2
nonpolar
Cuellar-Bermudez
et al. (2015), Grosso
et al. (2015),
Michalak and
Chojnacka, (2014),
Nobre et al. (2013),
Ranjith Kumar et al.
(2015), Taher et al.
(2014), Yen et al.
(2015)
Ultrasound-assisted
extraction (UAE)
Reduce quantity of
solvents used, high
performance and
process faster due to
quicker kinetics,
equipment cheaper
than other novel
techniques, scalable,
combine to MAE and
SFE possible, reaction
and extraction can be
joint
Increase in energy
consumption
Michalak and
Chojnacka (2014)
(continued)
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