Dickinson, W. R., 1999. Holocene sea-level record on Funafuti and
potential impact of global warming on central Pacific atolls.
Quaternary Research, 51, 124–132.
Dickinson, W. R., 2004. Impacts of eustasy and hydro-isostasy on
the evolution and landforms of Pacific atolls. Palaeogeography,
Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 213, 251–269.
Emery, K. O., Tracey, J. I., and Ladd, H. S., 1954. Geology of Bikini
and nearby atolls. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper,
260-A, pp. 1–265.
Falkland, A. (ed.), 1991. Hydrology and Water Resources of Small
Islands: A Practical Guide. Paris: UNESCO, pp. 1–9
Falkland, A. C., and Woodroffe, C. D., 1997. Geology and hydrogeology of the Tarawa and Christmas Island (Kiritimati), Kiribati,
Central Pacific. In Vacher, H. L., and Quinn, T. M. (eds.), Geology and Hydrogeology of Carbonate Islands, Developments in
Sedimentology. Vol. 54, pp. 577–610.
Fosberg, F. R., 1957. Description and occurrence of atoll phosphate rock in Micronesia. American Journal of Science, 255,
584–592.
Fosberg, F. R., 1974. Phytogeography of atolls and other coral
islands, In Proceedings of the Second International Coral Reef
Symposium, Brisbane, pp. 389–396.
Fosberg, F. R., 1992. Pacific island plants: taxonomic and distributional notes. Micronesia, 25, 175–199.
Fosberg, F. R., and Sachet, M.-H., 1953. Handbook for atoll
research. Atoll Research Bulletin, 17, 1–129.
Fujita, K., Osawa, Y., Kayanne, H., Ide, Y., and Yamano, H., 2009.
Distribution and sediment production of large benthic foraminifers on reef flats of the Majuro Atoll, Marshall Islands. Coral
Reefs, 28, 29–45.
Gardiner, J. S. (ed.), 1903. The Fauna and Geography of the Maldive
and Laccadive Archipelagoes, Being an Account of the Work Carried on and of Collections Made by an Expedition During Years
1899 and 1900. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gardiner, J. S., 1931. Coral Reefs and Atolls. London: Macmillan,
182 pp.
Gehrels, W. R., 2001. Discussion of: Nunn, Patrick D., 1998. Sealevel changes over the past 1,000 years in the Pacific. Journal
of Coastal Research, 14, 23–30. Journal of Coastal Research,
17, 244–245.
Gibson-Hill, C. A., 1947. Notes on the Cocos-Keeling Islands.
Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society,
20, 140–202.
Gillie, R. D., 1993. Historical changes of shoreline accretion and
erosion, Betio Islet, South Tarawa, Kiribati. SOPAC Technical
Report, 179, 22 pp.
Gischler, E., 1994. Sedimentation on three Caribbean Atolls:
Glovers Reef, Lighthouse Reef and Turneffe Islands, Belize.
Facies, 31, 243–254.
Gischler, E., 2006. Sedimentation on Rasdhoo and Ari Atolls,
Maldives, Indian Ocean. Facies, 52, 341–360.
Gischler, E., Hudson, J. H., and Pisera, A., 2008. Late Quaternary
reef growth and sea level in the Maldives (Indian Ocean). Marine
Geology, 250, 104–113.
Gray, S. C., Hein, J. R., Hausmann, R., and Radtke, U., 1992. Geochronology and subsurface stratigraphy of Pukapuka and
Rakahanga atolls, Cook Islands: Late Quaternary reef growth
and sea level history. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology,
Palaeoecology, 91, 377–394.
Grossman, E. E., Fletcher, C. H., and Richmond, B. M., 1998. The
Holocene sea-level highstand in the equatorial Pacific: analysis
of the insular paleosea-level database. Coral Reefs, 17, 309–327.
Guilcher, A., 1988. Coral Reef Geomorphology. Chichester: Wiley,
228 pp.
Guppy, H. B., 1889. The Cocos-Keeling Islands. Scottish Geographical Magazine, 5, 281–297, 457–474, 569–588.
Keating, B., 1992. Insular geology of the Line Islands. In Keating,
B. H., and Bolton, B. R. (eds.), Geology and Offshore Mineral
Resources of the Central Pacific Basin. New York: SpringerVerlag, pp. 77–99.
Kelly, D. J. 1994. The effects of domestic waste on marine and
groundwater quality in Tarawa Atoll. Republic of Kiribati,
SOPAC Technical Report 72.
Kench, P. S., and McLean, R. F., 2004. Hydrodynamics and sediment flux of hoa in an Indian Ocean atoll. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 29, 933–953.
Kench, P. S., Brander, R. W., Parnell, K. E., and McLean, R., 2006.
Wave energy gradients across a Maldivian atoll: Implications for
island geomorphology. Geomorphology, 81, 1–17.
Kench, P. S., McLean, R. F., and Nichol, S. L., 2005. New model of
reef-island evolution: Maldives, Indian Ocean. Geology, 33,
145–148.
Kench, P. S., Smithers, S. G., McLean, R. F., and Nichol, S. L.,
2009. Holocene reef growth in the Maldives: evidence of
a mid-Holocene sea-level highstand in the central Indian Ocean.
Geology, 37, 455–458.
Kimmerer, W. J., and Walsh, W., 1981. Tarawa atoll lagoon: circulation, nutrient fluxes and the impact of human waste.
Micronesica, 17, 161–179.
Kuenen, P. H., 1933. Geology of coral reefs. Snellius-Expedition
Report, 5, 1–129.
Ladd, H. S., 1977. Types of coral reefs and their distribution. In
Jones, O. A., and Endean, R. (eds.), Biology and Geology of
Coral Reefs, Vol. 4, Geology 2, pp. 1–19.
Ladd, H. S., Tracey, J. I., and Gross, M. G., 1967. Drilling on
Midway Atoll, Hawaii. Science, 156, 1088–1094.
Ladd, H. S., Tracey J. I., and Gross, M. G., 1970. Deep drilling on
Midway Atoll. Geological Survey Professional Paper 680-A.
U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC.
Lalou, C., Labeyrie, J., and Delebrias, G., 1966. Datations des
calcaires coralliens de l’atoll de Mururoa (archipel des
Tuamotus) de l’époque actuelle jusqu’à – 500,000 ans. Comptes
Rendus Academie de Sciences, Paris, 263-D, 1946–1949.
Lambeck, K., 2002. Sea-Level Change from Mid-Holocene to
Recent Time: An Australian Example with Global Implications.
In Mitrovica J. X., and Vermeersen, B. (eds.), Glacial Isostatic
Adjustment and the Earth System. Washington DC: American
Geophysical Union, pp. 33–50.
Lewis, J., 1989. Sea-level rise: some implications for Tuvalu.
Ambio, 18, 458–459.
Lewis, J., 1990. The vulnerability of small island states to sea
level rise: the need for holistic strategies. Disasters, 14,
241–248.
Lovell, E., 2000. Coral Reef benthic surveys of Tarawa and Abaiang
Atolls, Republic of Kiribati. SOPAC Technical Report, 310,
88 pp.
MacArthur, R. H., and Wilson, E. O., 1967. The Theory of
Island Biogeography. New Jersey: Princeton University Press,
203 pp.
MacNeil, F. S., 1954. The shape of atolls: an inheritance from subaerial forms. American Journal of Science, 252, 402–427.
Maragos, J. E., Baines, G. B. K., and Beveridge, P. J., 1973. Tropical cyclone creates a new land formation on Funafuti atoll. Science, 181, 1161–1164.
Marshall, J. F., and Jacobson, G., 1985. Holocene growth of a midplate atoll: Tarawa, Kiribati. Coral Reefs, 4, 11–17.
McKee, E. D., Chronic, J., and Leopold, E. B., 1959. Sedimentary
belts in lagoon of Kapingamarangi Atoll. American Association
of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 43, 501–562.
McLean, R. F., and Hosking, P. L., 1991. Geomorphology of reef
islands and atoll motu in Tuvalu. South Pacific Journal of Natural Science, 11, 167–189.
68
ATOLLS
potential impact of global warming on central Pacific atolls.
Quaternary Research, 51, 124–132.
Dickinson, W. R., 2004. Impacts of eustasy and hydro-isostasy on
the evolution and landforms of Pacific atolls. Palaeogeography,
Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 213, 251–269.
Emery, K. O., Tracey, J. I., and Ladd, H. S., 1954. Geology of Bikini
and nearby atolls. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper,
260-A, pp. 1–265.
Falkland, A. (ed.), 1991. Hydrology and Water Resources of Small
Islands: A Practical Guide. Paris: UNESCO, pp. 1–9
Falkland, A. C., and Woodroffe, C. D., 1997. Geology and hydrogeology of the Tarawa and Christmas Island (Kiritimati), Kiribati,
Central Pacific. In Vacher, H. L., and Quinn, T. M. (eds.), Geology and Hydrogeology of Carbonate Islands, Developments in
Sedimentology. Vol. 54, pp. 577–610.
Fosberg, F. R., 1957. Description and occurrence of atoll phosphate rock in Micronesia. American Journal of Science, 255,
584–592.
Fosberg, F. R., 1974. Phytogeography of atolls and other coral
islands, In Proceedings of the Second International Coral Reef
Symposium, Brisbane, pp. 389–396.
Fosberg, F. R., 1992. Pacific island plants: taxonomic and distributional notes. Micronesia, 25, 175–199.
Fosberg, F. R., and Sachet, M.-H., 1953. Handbook for atoll
research. Atoll Research Bulletin, 17, 1–129.
Fujita, K., Osawa, Y., Kayanne, H., Ide, Y., and Yamano, H., 2009.
Distribution and sediment production of large benthic foraminifers on reef flats of the Majuro Atoll, Marshall Islands. Coral
Reefs, 28, 29–45.
Gardiner, J. S. (ed.), 1903. The Fauna and Geography of the Maldive
and Laccadive Archipelagoes, Being an Account of the Work Carried on and of Collections Made by an Expedition During Years
1899 and 1900. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gardiner, J. S., 1931. Coral Reefs and Atolls. London: Macmillan,
182 pp.
Gehrels, W. R., 2001. Discussion of: Nunn, Patrick D., 1998. Sealevel changes over the past 1,000 years in the Pacific. Journal
of Coastal Research, 14, 23–30. Journal of Coastal Research,
17, 244–245.
Gibson-Hill, C. A., 1947. Notes on the Cocos-Keeling Islands.
Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society,
20, 140–202.
Gillie, R. D., 1993. Historical changes of shoreline accretion and
erosion, Betio Islet, South Tarawa, Kiribati. SOPAC Technical
Report, 179, 22 pp.
Gischler, E., 1994. Sedimentation on three Caribbean Atolls:
Glovers Reef, Lighthouse Reef and Turneffe Islands, Belize.
Facies, 31, 243–254.
Gischler, E., 2006. Sedimentation on Rasdhoo and Ari Atolls,
Maldives, Indian Ocean. Facies, 52, 341–360.
Gischler, E., Hudson, J. H., and Pisera, A., 2008. Late Quaternary
reef growth and sea level in the Maldives (Indian Ocean). Marine
Geology, 250, 104–113.
Gray, S. C., Hein, J. R., Hausmann, R., and Radtke, U., 1992. Geochronology and subsurface stratigraphy of Pukapuka and
Rakahanga atolls, Cook Islands: Late Quaternary reef growth
and sea level history. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology,
Palaeoecology, 91, 377–394.
Grossman, E. E., Fletcher, C. H., and Richmond, B. M., 1998. The
Holocene sea-level highstand in the equatorial Pacific: analysis
of the insular paleosea-level database. Coral Reefs, 17, 309–327.
Guilcher, A., 1988. Coral Reef Geomorphology. Chichester: Wiley,
228 pp.
Guppy, H. B., 1889. The Cocos-Keeling Islands. Scottish Geographical Magazine, 5, 281–297, 457–474, 569–588.
Keating, B., 1992. Insular geology of the Line Islands. In Keating,
B. H., and Bolton, B. R. (eds.), Geology and Offshore Mineral
Resources of the Central Pacific Basin. New York: SpringerVerlag, pp. 77–99.
Kelly, D. J. 1994. The effects of domestic waste on marine and
groundwater quality in Tarawa Atoll. Republic of Kiribati,
SOPAC Technical Report 72.
Kench, P. S., and McLean, R. F., 2004. Hydrodynamics and sediment flux of hoa in an Indian Ocean atoll. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 29, 933–953.
Kench, P. S., Brander, R. W., Parnell, K. E., and McLean, R., 2006.
Wave energy gradients across a Maldivian atoll: Implications for
island geomorphology. Geomorphology, 81, 1–17.
Kench, P. S., McLean, R. F., and Nichol, S. L., 2005. New model of
reef-island evolution: Maldives, Indian Ocean. Geology, 33,
145–148.
Kench, P. S., Smithers, S. G., McLean, R. F., and Nichol, S. L.,
2009. Holocene reef growth in the Maldives: evidence of
a mid-Holocene sea-level highstand in the central Indian Ocean.
Geology, 37, 455–458.
Kimmerer, W. J., and Walsh, W., 1981. Tarawa atoll lagoon: circulation, nutrient fluxes and the impact of human waste.
Micronesica, 17, 161–179.
Kuenen, P. H., 1933. Geology of coral reefs. Snellius-Expedition
Report, 5, 1–129.
Ladd, H. S., 1977. Types of coral reefs and their distribution. In
Jones, O. A., and Endean, R. (eds.), Biology and Geology of
Coral Reefs, Vol. 4, Geology 2, pp. 1–19.
Ladd, H. S., Tracey, J. I., and Gross, M. G., 1967. Drilling on
Midway Atoll, Hawaii. Science, 156, 1088–1094.
Ladd, H. S., Tracey J. I., and Gross, M. G., 1970. Deep drilling on
Midway Atoll. Geological Survey Professional Paper 680-A.
U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC.
Lalou, C., Labeyrie, J., and Delebrias, G., 1966. Datations des
calcaires coralliens de l’atoll de Mururoa (archipel des
Tuamotus) de l’époque actuelle jusqu’à – 500,000 ans. Comptes
Rendus Academie de Sciences, Paris, 263-D, 1946–1949.
Lambeck, K., 2002. Sea-Level Change from Mid-Holocene to
Recent Time: An Australian Example with Global Implications.
In Mitrovica J. X., and Vermeersen, B. (eds.), Glacial Isostatic
Adjustment and the Earth System. Washington DC: American
Geophysical Union, pp. 33–50.
Lewis, J., 1989. Sea-level rise: some implications for Tuvalu.
Ambio, 18, 458–459.
Lewis, J., 1990. The vulnerability of small island states to sea
level rise: the need for holistic strategies. Disasters, 14,
241–248.
Lovell, E., 2000. Coral Reef benthic surveys of Tarawa and Abaiang
Atolls, Republic of Kiribati. SOPAC Technical Report, 310,
88 pp.
MacArthur, R. H., and Wilson, E. O., 1967. The Theory of
Island Biogeography. New Jersey: Princeton University Press,
203 pp.
MacNeil, F. S., 1954. The shape of atolls: an inheritance from subaerial forms. American Journal of Science, 252, 402–427.
Maragos, J. E., Baines, G. B. K., and Beveridge, P. J., 1973. Tropical cyclone creates a new land formation on Funafuti atoll. Science, 181, 1161–1164.
Marshall, J. F., and Jacobson, G., 1985. Holocene growth of a midplate atoll: Tarawa, Kiribati. Coral Reefs, 4, 11–17.
McKee, E. D., Chronic, J., and Leopold, E. B., 1959. Sedimentary
belts in lagoon of Kapingamarangi Atoll. American Association
of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 43, 501–562.
McLean, R. F., and Hosking, P. L., 1991. Geomorphology of reef
islands and atoll motu in Tuvalu. South Pacific Journal of Natural Science, 11, 167–189.
68
ATOLLS