Hallock, P., and Schlager, W., 1986. Nutrient excess and the
demise of coral reefs and carbonate platforms. Palaios, 1,
389–398.
Harris, P. T., Heap, A. D., Marshall, J. F., and McCulloch, M., 2008.
A new coral reef province in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia:
colonisation, growth and submergence during the early Holocene. Marine Geology, 251, 85–97.
Hubbard, D. K., Zankl, H., Van Heerden, I., and Gill, P., 2005.
Holocene reef development along the Northeastern St. Croix
Shelf, Buck Island, US Virgin Islands. Journal of Sedimentary
Research, 75, 97–113.
Hubbard, D. K., Gill, I. P., Burke, R. B., and Morelock, J., 1997.
Holocene reef backstepping-southwestern Puerto Rico Shelf. In
Proceedings 8th International Coral Reef Symposium. Panama,
22–26th, Vol. 2, pp. 1779–1784.
Kaufman, J., and Meyers, W. J., 1988. A backstepping platform
reef, Swan Hills Formation, Rosevear field, central Alberta. In
Geldsetzer, H. H. J., James, N. P., and Tebbutt, G. E. (eds.),
Reefs, Canada and Adjacent Areas. Calgary, Alberta: Canadian
Society of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, Vol. 13, pp. 478–486.
Kendall, C. G. S. C., and Schlager, W., 1981. Carbonates and relative changes in sea level. Marine Geology, 44, 181–212.
Kinsey, D. W., and Davies, P. J., 1979. Effects of elevated nitrogen
and phosphorus on coral reef growth. Limnology and Oceanography, 24, 935–940.
Lighty, R. G., Macintyre, I. G., and Stuckenrath, R., 1978. Submerged early Holocene barrier reef south-east Florida shelf.
Nature, 275, 59–60.
Montaggioni, L., Cabioch, G., Camoinau, G. F., Bard, E., RibaudLaurenti, A., Faure, G., Dejardin, P., and Recy, J., 1997. Continuous record of reef growth over the past 14 ky on the mid-Pacific
island of Tahiti. Geology, 25, 555–558.
Mora, C., 2008. A clear human footprint in the coral reefs of the
Caribbean. Proceedings of the Royal Society B – Biological Sciences, 275, 767–773.
Mumby, P. J., and Steneck, R. S., 2008. Coral reef management and
conservation in light of rapidly evolving ecological paradigms.
Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 23, 555–563.
Neumann, A. C., and Macintyre, I., 1985. Reef response to sea level
rise: keep-up, catch-up or give-up. In Proceedings, Fifth International Coral Reef Congress, (Tahiti), Antenna Museum-Ephe,
Moorea, French Polynesia, Vol. 3, pp. 105–110.
Peltier, W. R., and Fairbanks, R. G., 2006. Global glacial ice
volume and Last Glacial Maximum duration from an extended
Barbados sea level record. Quaternary Science Reviews, 25,
3322–3337.
Raymundo, L. J., Halford, A. R., Maypa, A. P., and Kerr, A. M.,
2009. Functionally diverse reef-fish communities ameliorate
coral disease. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science,
106, 17067–17070.
Ross, D. J., 1992. Sedimentology and depositional profile of a midCretaceous shelf-edge rudist reef complex, Nahal Hamearot,
northwestern Israel. Sedimentary Geology, 79, 161–172.
Schlager, W., 1981. The paradox of drowned reefs and carbonate
platforms. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 92, 197–211.
Sharp, W. D., and Renne, R. P., 2006. The 40Ar/39Ar dating of core
recovered by the Hawaii Scientific Drilling Project (phase 2),
Hilo, Hawaii. Geochemistry Geophysics and Geosystems, 6, 4.
doi:10.1029/2004GC000846.
Smith, G. P., and Stearn, C. W., 1987. Anatomy and evolution of
a Lower Devonian reef complex, Ellesmere Island, Arctic Canada. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, 35, 251–262.
Steneck, R. S., and Adey, W. H., 1976. Role of environmental control of morphology in Lithophyllum congestum, a Caribbean
algal ridge builder. Botanica Marina, 19, 197–215.
Toscano, M. A., and Macintyre, I. G., 2003. Corrected western
Atlantic sea-level curve for the last 11,000 years based on
calibrated C-14 dates from Acropora palmata framework and
intertidal mangrove peat. Coral Reefs, 22, 257–270.
Vogt, P. R., 1989. Volcanogenic upwelling of anoxic, nutrient-rich
water – a possible factor in carbonate-bank reef demise and benthic faunal extinctions. Geological Society of America Bulletin,
101, 1225–1245.
Webster, J. M., Wallace, L., Silver, E., Potts, D., Braga, J. C.,
Renema, W., Coleman-Riker, K., and Gallup, C.,
2004a. Coralgal composition of drowned carbonate platforms
in the Huon Gulf, Papua New Guinea; implications for
lowstand reef development and drowning. Marine Geology,
204, 59–89.
Webster, J. M., Wallace, L., and Silver, E., Applegate., B., Potts, D.,
Braga, J. C., Coleman-Riker, K., and Gallup, C., 2004b.
Drowned carbonate platforms in the Huon Gulf, Papua New
Guinea. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 5, Q11008.
doi:10.1029/2004GC000726.
Webster, J. M., Clague, D. A., Coleman-Riker, K., Gallup, C.,
Braga, J. C., and Potts, D., Moore, G. J., Winterer, E. L.,
and Paull, C. K., 2004c. Drowning of the À150 m reef off
Hawaii: a casualty of global meltwater pulse 1A? Geology, 32,
249–252.
Webster, J. M., Wallace, L. M., Clague, D. A., and Braga, J. C.,
2007. Numerical modeling of the growth and drowning of
Hawaiian coral reefs during the last two glacial cycles (0–250
kyr). Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 8, Q03011,
doi:10.1029/2006GC001415.
Webster, J. M., Braga, J. C., Clague, D. A., Coleman-Riker, K.,
Gallup, C., Hein, J. R., Potts, D., Renema, W., Riding, R.,
Silver, E., and Wallace, L., 2009. Coral reef evolution on rapidly
subsiding margins. Special Issue of Global and Planetary
Change, 66, 129–148.
Wendte, J., and Uyeno, T., 2005. Sequence stratigraphy and evolution of Middle to Upper Devonian Beaverhill Lake strata, southcentral Alberta. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, 53,
250–354.
Cross-references
Last Interglacial and Reef Development
Meltwater Pulses
BAFFLESTONE
Peter Flood
University of New England, Armidale, Australia
Bafflestone is a modification of Embry and Klovan (1971)
to the Dunham (1962) Boundstone limestone type. It recognizes that the framework organisms acted as baffles to
sedimentation.
Bibliography
Embry, A. F., and Klovan, J. E., 1971. A late Devonian reef tract on
Northeastern Banks Island. NWT: Canadian Petroleum Geology Bulletin, Vol. 19, pp. 730–781.
Cross-references
Classification of Carbonates
84
BAFFLESTONE
demise of coral reefs and carbonate platforms. Palaios, 1,
389–398.
Harris, P. T., Heap, A. D., Marshall, J. F., and McCulloch, M., 2008.
A new coral reef province in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia:
colonisation, growth and submergence during the early Holocene. Marine Geology, 251, 85–97.
Hubbard, D. K., Zankl, H., Van Heerden, I., and Gill, P., 2005.
Holocene reef development along the Northeastern St. Croix
Shelf, Buck Island, US Virgin Islands. Journal of Sedimentary
Research, 75, 97–113.
Hubbard, D. K., Gill, I. P., Burke, R. B., and Morelock, J., 1997.
Holocene reef backstepping-southwestern Puerto Rico Shelf. In
Proceedings 8th International Coral Reef Symposium. Panama,
22–26th, Vol. 2, pp. 1779–1784.
Kaufman, J., and Meyers, W. J., 1988. A backstepping platform
reef, Swan Hills Formation, Rosevear field, central Alberta. In
Geldsetzer, H. H. J., James, N. P., and Tebbutt, G. E. (eds.),
Reefs, Canada and Adjacent Areas. Calgary, Alberta: Canadian
Society of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, Vol. 13, pp. 478–486.
Kendall, C. G. S. C., and Schlager, W., 1981. Carbonates and relative changes in sea level. Marine Geology, 44, 181–212.
Kinsey, D. W., and Davies, P. J., 1979. Effects of elevated nitrogen
and phosphorus on coral reef growth. Limnology and Oceanography, 24, 935–940.
Lighty, R. G., Macintyre, I. G., and Stuckenrath, R., 1978. Submerged early Holocene barrier reef south-east Florida shelf.
Nature, 275, 59–60.
Montaggioni, L., Cabioch, G., Camoinau, G. F., Bard, E., RibaudLaurenti, A., Faure, G., Dejardin, P., and Recy, J., 1997. Continuous record of reef growth over the past 14 ky on the mid-Pacific
island of Tahiti. Geology, 25, 555–558.
Mora, C., 2008. A clear human footprint in the coral reefs of the
Caribbean. Proceedings of the Royal Society B – Biological Sciences, 275, 767–773.
Mumby, P. J., and Steneck, R. S., 2008. Coral reef management and
conservation in light of rapidly evolving ecological paradigms.
Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 23, 555–563.
Neumann, A. C., and Macintyre, I., 1985. Reef response to sea level
rise: keep-up, catch-up or give-up. In Proceedings, Fifth International Coral Reef Congress, (Tahiti), Antenna Museum-Ephe,
Moorea, French Polynesia, Vol. 3, pp. 105–110.
Peltier, W. R., and Fairbanks, R. G., 2006. Global glacial ice
volume and Last Glacial Maximum duration from an extended
Barbados sea level record. Quaternary Science Reviews, 25,
3322–3337.
Raymundo, L. J., Halford, A. R., Maypa, A. P., and Kerr, A. M.,
2009. Functionally diverse reef-fish communities ameliorate
coral disease. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science,
106, 17067–17070.
Ross, D. J., 1992. Sedimentology and depositional profile of a midCretaceous shelf-edge rudist reef complex, Nahal Hamearot,
northwestern Israel. Sedimentary Geology, 79, 161–172.
Schlager, W., 1981. The paradox of drowned reefs and carbonate
platforms. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 92, 197–211.
Sharp, W. D., and Renne, R. P., 2006. The 40Ar/39Ar dating of core
recovered by the Hawaii Scientific Drilling Project (phase 2),
Hilo, Hawaii. Geochemistry Geophysics and Geosystems, 6, 4.
doi:10.1029/2004GC000846.
Smith, G. P., and Stearn, C. W., 1987. Anatomy and evolution of
a Lower Devonian reef complex, Ellesmere Island, Arctic Canada. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, 35, 251–262.
Steneck, R. S., and Adey, W. H., 1976. Role of environmental control of morphology in Lithophyllum congestum, a Caribbean
algal ridge builder. Botanica Marina, 19, 197–215.
Toscano, M. A., and Macintyre, I. G., 2003. Corrected western
Atlantic sea-level curve for the last 11,000 years based on
calibrated C-14 dates from Acropora palmata framework and
intertidal mangrove peat. Coral Reefs, 22, 257–270.
Vogt, P. R., 1989. Volcanogenic upwelling of anoxic, nutrient-rich
water – a possible factor in carbonate-bank reef demise and benthic faunal extinctions. Geological Society of America Bulletin,
101, 1225–1245.
Webster, J. M., Wallace, L., Silver, E., Potts, D., Braga, J. C.,
Renema, W., Coleman-Riker, K., and Gallup, C.,
2004a. Coralgal composition of drowned carbonate platforms
in the Huon Gulf, Papua New Guinea; implications for
lowstand reef development and drowning. Marine Geology,
204, 59–89.
Webster, J. M., Wallace, L., and Silver, E., Applegate., B., Potts, D.,
Braga, J. C., Coleman-Riker, K., and Gallup, C., 2004b.
Drowned carbonate platforms in the Huon Gulf, Papua New
Guinea. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 5, Q11008.
doi:10.1029/2004GC000726.
Webster, J. M., Clague, D. A., Coleman-Riker, K., Gallup, C.,
Braga, J. C., and Potts, D., Moore, G. J., Winterer, E. L.,
and Paull, C. K., 2004c. Drowning of the À150 m reef off
Hawaii: a casualty of global meltwater pulse 1A? Geology, 32,
249–252.
Webster, J. M., Wallace, L. M., Clague, D. A., and Braga, J. C.,
2007. Numerical modeling of the growth and drowning of
Hawaiian coral reefs during the last two glacial cycles (0–250
kyr). Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 8, Q03011,
doi:10.1029/2006GC001415.
Webster, J. M., Braga, J. C., Clague, D. A., Coleman-Riker, K.,
Gallup, C., Hein, J. R., Potts, D., Renema, W., Riding, R.,
Silver, E., and Wallace, L., 2009. Coral reef evolution on rapidly
subsiding margins. Special Issue of Global and Planetary
Change, 66, 129–148.
Wendte, J., and Uyeno, T., 2005. Sequence stratigraphy and evolution of Middle to Upper Devonian Beaverhill Lake strata, southcentral Alberta. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, 53,
250–354.
Cross-references
Last Interglacial and Reef Development
Meltwater Pulses
BAFFLESTONE
Peter Flood
University of New England, Armidale, Australia
Bafflestone is a modification of Embry and Klovan (1971)
to the Dunham (1962) Boundstone limestone type. It recognizes that the framework organisms acted as baffles to
sedimentation.
Bibliography
Embry, A. F., and Klovan, J. E., 1971. A late Devonian reef tract on
Northeastern Banks Island. NWT: Canadian Petroleum Geology Bulletin, Vol. 19, pp. 730–781.
Cross-references
Classification of Carbonates
84
BAFFLESTONE