Schlanger, S. O., 1963. Subsurface geology of Eniwetok Atoll.
United States Geological Survey, Professional Paper, 260-BB:
pp. 991–1066.
Schofield, J. C., 1977a. Late Holocene sea level, Gilbert and Ellice
Islands, west Central Pacific Ocean. New Zealand Journal of
Geology and Geophysics, 20, 503–529.
Schofield, J. C., 1977b. Effect of Late Holocene sea-level fall on
atoll development. N.Z. Journal of Geology and Geophysics,
20, 531–536.
Scoffin, T. P., 1993. The geological effects of hurricanes on coral
reefs and the interpretation of storm deposits. Coral Reefs, 12,
203–221.
Scott, G. A. J., and Rotondo, G. M., 1983. A model to explain the
differences between Pacific plate island atoll types. Coral Reefs,
1, 139–150.
Searle, D. E., 1994. Late Quaternary morphology of the Cocos
(Keeling) Islands. Atoll Research Bulletin, 401, 1–13.
Sewell, R. B. S., 1936. An account of Horsburgh or Goifurfehendu
Atoll. John Murray Expedition to the Indian Ocean, 1933–1934.
Scientific Reports, 1, 109–125.
Shepard, F. P., 1948. Submarine Geology. New York: Harper,
348 pp.
Shepard, F. P., Curray, J. R., Newman, W. A., Bloom, A. L., Newell,
N. D., Tracey, J. I., and Veeh, H. H., 1967. Holocene changes in
sea level: evidence in Micronesia. Science, 157, 542–544.
Sheppard, C. R. C., and Seaward, M. R. D. (eds.), 1999. Ecology of
the Chagos Archipelgo. London: Linnean Society. Occasional
Publications, 2, 350 pp.
Shimazaki, H., Yamano, H., Yokoki, H., Yamaguchi, T.,
Chikamori, M., Tamura, M., and Kayanne, H., 2006. Global
mapping of factors controlling reef-island formation and maintenance. In Proceedings of the 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, pp. 1577–1584.
Siddiquie, H. N., 1980. The ages of the storm beaches of the
Lakshadweep (Laccadives). Marine Geology, 38, M11–M20.
Smithers, S. G., Woodroffe, C. D., McLean, R. F., and Wallensky,
E., 1993. Lagoonal sedimentation in the Cocos (Keeling)
Islands, Indian Ocean, In Proceedings of the 7th International
Coral Reef Symposium. Guam, pp. 273–288.
Solomon, S. M., and Forbes, D. L., 1999. Coastal hazards, and associated management issues on South Pacific islands. Ocean and
Coastal Management, 42, 523–554.
Spencer, T., Stoddart, D. R., and McLean, R. F., 2008. Coral reefs.
In Burt, T. P., Chorley, R. J., Brunsden, D., Cox, N. J.,
and Goudie, A. S. (eds.), The History of the Study of Landforms,
or the Development of Geomorphology, Vol 4. Quaternary
and Recent Processes and Forms (1890–1965) and the MidCentury Revolutions. The Geological Society of London, pp.
863–922.
Stoddart, D. R., 1962. Three Caribbean atolls: Turneffe Islands,
Lighthouse Reef and Glover’s Reef, British Honduras. Atoll
Research Bulletin, 87, 1–151.
Stoddart, D. R., 1965. The shape of atolls. Marine Geology, 3,
369–383.
Stoddart, D. R., 1969. Ecology and morphology of recent coral
reefs. Biological Review, 44, 433–498.
Stoddart, D. R., 1971. Geomorphology of Diego Garcia Atoll. Atoll
Research Bulletin, 149, 7–26.
Stoddart, D. R., 1973a. Coral reefs of the Indian Ocean. In Jones,
O. A., and Endean, R. (eds.), Biology and Geology of Coral
Reefs, I, Geology I. New York: Academic Press, pp. 51–92.
Stoddart, D. R., 1973b. Coral reefs: the last two million years.
Geography, 58, 313–323.
Stoddart, D. R., 1975. Almost-atoll of Aitutaki: geomorphology of
reefs and islands. Atoll Research Bulletin, 190, 31–57.
Stoddart, D. R. (ed.), 1984. Biogeography and ecology of the Seychelles Islands. The Hague: Dr W. Junk Publishers.
Stoddart, D. R., 1995. Darwin and the seeing eye: iconography and
meaning in the Beagle years. Earth Sciences History, 14, 3–22.
Stoddart, D. R., and Steers, J. A., 1977. The nature and origin of
coral reef islands. In Jones, O. A., and Endean, R. (eds.), Biology
and Geology of Coral Reefs IV, Geology II. New York: Academic press, pp. 59–105.
Szabo, B. J., Tracey, J. I., and Goter, E. R., 1985. Ages of subsurface
stratigraphic intervals in the Quaternary of Eniwetak Atoll,
Marshall Islands. Quaternary Research, 23, 54–61.
Tayama, R., 1952. Coral reefs of the South Seas. Bulletin of the
Hydrographic Department, Tokyo, 11, 1–292.
Tomascik, T., Mah, A. J., Nontji, A., and Moosa, M. K., 1997. The
ecology of Indonesian seas. Part 2, Periplus Editions.
Tudhope, A. W., 1989. Shallowing-upwards sedimentation in
a coral reef lagoon, Great Barrier Reef of Australia. Journal of
Sedimentary Petrology, 59, 1036–1051.
Tudhope, A. W., Scoffin, T. P., Stoddart, T. P., and Woodroffe, C. D.,
1985. Sediments of Suwarrow Atoll. Proceedings of the Fifth
International Coral Reef Congress, Tahiti, 6, 611–616.
Vacher, H. L., and Quinn, T. M. (eds.), 1997. Geology and Hydrogeology of Carbonate Islands, Developments in Sedimentology,
Elsevier, 54.
Wang, G.,1998. Tectonic and monsoonal controls on coral atolls in
the South China Sea. In Camoin, G. F., and Davies, P. J. (eds.),
Reefs and Carbonate Platforms in the Pacific and Indian
Oceans. International Association of Sedimentologists, Special
Publication, 25, pp. 237–248.
Wang, G., Lu, B., and Quan, S., 1990. Sedimentary characteristics
of coral reefs in the northern part of the South China Sea. Atoll
Research Bulletin, 346, 1–23.
Wardlaw, B. R., Henry, T. W., and Martin, W. E., 1991. Sediment
facies of Enewetak Atoll Lagoon. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 1513-B, pp. B1–B30.
Webb, A., 2006. Coastal change analysis using multi-temporal image
comparisons – Funafuti Atoll. South Pacific Applied Geoscience
Commission (SOPAC) Technical Report, no 54 (EU EDF 8/9).
Weber, J. N., and Woodhead, P. M. J., 1972. Carbonate lagoon and
beach sediments of Tarawa atoll, Gilbert Islands. Atoll Research
Bulletin, 157, 1–28.
Weisler, M. I., 1994. The settlement of marginal Polynesia: new evidence from Henderson Island. Journal of Field Archaeology, 21,
83–102.
Whitehead, D. R., and Jones, C. E., 1969. Small islands and the
equilibrium theory of insular biogeography. Evolution, 23,
171–179.
Wiens, H. J., 1959. Atoll development and morphology. Annals of
the Association of American Geographers, 49, 31–54.
Wiens, H., 1962. Atoll Environment and Ecology. New Haven: Yale
University Press.
Wood-Jones, F., 1912. Coral and Atolls: A History and Description
of the Keeling-Cocos Islands, with an Account of Their Fauna
and Flora, and a Discussion of the Method of Development
and Transformation of Coral Structures in General. London:
Lovell Reeve and Co., 392 pp.
Woodroffe, C. D., 1985. Vegetation and flora of Nui Atoll. Atoll
Research Bulletin, 283, 1–28.
Woodroffe, C. D., 1988. Pacific Island Mangroves: distribution and
environmental settings. Pacific Science, 41, 166–185.
Woodroffe, C. D., 1993. Morphology and evolution of reef islands
in the Maldives, Proceedings of the 7th International Coral Reef
Symposium, 2, 1217–1226.
Woodroffe, C. D., 2005. Late Quaternary sea-level highstands in the
central and eastern Indian Ocean: a review. Global and Planetary Change, 49, 121–138.
Woodroffe, C. D., 2008. Reef-island topography and the vulnerability of atolls to sea-level rise. Global and Planetary Change, 62,
77–96.
70
ATOLLS
United States Geological Survey, Professional Paper, 260-BB:
pp. 991–1066.
Schofield, J. C., 1977a. Late Holocene sea level, Gilbert and Ellice
Islands, west Central Pacific Ocean. New Zealand Journal of
Geology and Geophysics, 20, 503–529.
Schofield, J. C., 1977b. Effect of Late Holocene sea-level fall on
atoll development. N.Z. Journal of Geology and Geophysics,
20, 531–536.
Scoffin, T. P., 1993. The geological effects of hurricanes on coral
reefs and the interpretation of storm deposits. Coral Reefs, 12,
203–221.
Scott, G. A. J., and Rotondo, G. M., 1983. A model to explain the
differences between Pacific plate island atoll types. Coral Reefs,
1, 139–150.
Searle, D. E., 1994. Late Quaternary morphology of the Cocos
(Keeling) Islands. Atoll Research Bulletin, 401, 1–13.
Sewell, R. B. S., 1936. An account of Horsburgh or Goifurfehendu
Atoll. John Murray Expedition to the Indian Ocean, 1933–1934.
Scientific Reports, 1, 109–125.
Shepard, F. P., 1948. Submarine Geology. New York: Harper,
348 pp.
Shepard, F. P., Curray, J. R., Newman, W. A., Bloom, A. L., Newell,
N. D., Tracey, J. I., and Veeh, H. H., 1967. Holocene changes in
sea level: evidence in Micronesia. Science, 157, 542–544.
Sheppard, C. R. C., and Seaward, M. R. D. (eds.), 1999. Ecology of
the Chagos Archipelgo. London: Linnean Society. Occasional
Publications, 2, 350 pp.
Shimazaki, H., Yamano, H., Yokoki, H., Yamaguchi, T.,
Chikamori, M., Tamura, M., and Kayanne, H., 2006. Global
mapping of factors controlling reef-island formation and maintenance. In Proceedings of the 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, pp. 1577–1584.
Siddiquie, H. N., 1980. The ages of the storm beaches of the
Lakshadweep (Laccadives). Marine Geology, 38, M11–M20.
Smithers, S. G., Woodroffe, C. D., McLean, R. F., and Wallensky,
E., 1993. Lagoonal sedimentation in the Cocos (Keeling)
Islands, Indian Ocean, In Proceedings of the 7th International
Coral Reef Symposium. Guam, pp. 273–288.
Solomon, S. M., and Forbes, D. L., 1999. Coastal hazards, and associated management issues on South Pacific islands. Ocean and
Coastal Management, 42, 523–554.
Spencer, T., Stoddart, D. R., and McLean, R. F., 2008. Coral reefs.
In Burt, T. P., Chorley, R. J., Brunsden, D., Cox, N. J.,
and Goudie, A. S. (eds.), The History of the Study of Landforms,
or the Development of Geomorphology, Vol 4. Quaternary
and Recent Processes and Forms (1890–1965) and the MidCentury Revolutions. The Geological Society of London, pp.
863–922.
Stoddart, D. R., 1962. Three Caribbean atolls: Turneffe Islands,
Lighthouse Reef and Glover’s Reef, British Honduras. Atoll
Research Bulletin, 87, 1–151.
Stoddart, D. R., 1965. The shape of atolls. Marine Geology, 3,
369–383.
Stoddart, D. R., 1969. Ecology and morphology of recent coral
reefs. Biological Review, 44, 433–498.
Stoddart, D. R., 1971. Geomorphology of Diego Garcia Atoll. Atoll
Research Bulletin, 149, 7–26.
Stoddart, D. R., 1973a. Coral reefs of the Indian Ocean. In Jones,
O. A., and Endean, R. (eds.), Biology and Geology of Coral
Reefs, I, Geology I. New York: Academic Press, pp. 51–92.
Stoddart, D. R., 1973b. Coral reefs: the last two million years.
Geography, 58, 313–323.
Stoddart, D. R., 1975. Almost-atoll of Aitutaki: geomorphology of
reefs and islands. Atoll Research Bulletin, 190, 31–57.
Stoddart, D. R. (ed.), 1984. Biogeography and ecology of the Seychelles Islands. The Hague: Dr W. Junk Publishers.
Stoddart, D. R., 1995. Darwin and the seeing eye: iconography and
meaning in the Beagle years. Earth Sciences History, 14, 3–22.
Stoddart, D. R., and Steers, J. A., 1977. The nature and origin of
coral reef islands. In Jones, O. A., and Endean, R. (eds.), Biology
and Geology of Coral Reefs IV, Geology II. New York: Academic press, pp. 59–105.
Szabo, B. J., Tracey, J. I., and Goter, E. R., 1985. Ages of subsurface
stratigraphic intervals in the Quaternary of Eniwetak Atoll,
Marshall Islands. Quaternary Research, 23, 54–61.
Tayama, R., 1952. Coral reefs of the South Seas. Bulletin of the
Hydrographic Department, Tokyo, 11, 1–292.
Tomascik, T., Mah, A. J., Nontji, A., and Moosa, M. K., 1997. The
ecology of Indonesian seas. Part 2, Periplus Editions.
Tudhope, A. W., 1989. Shallowing-upwards sedimentation in
a coral reef lagoon, Great Barrier Reef of Australia. Journal of
Sedimentary Petrology, 59, 1036–1051.
Tudhope, A. W., Scoffin, T. P., Stoddart, T. P., and Woodroffe, C. D.,
1985. Sediments of Suwarrow Atoll. Proceedings of the Fifth
International Coral Reef Congress, Tahiti, 6, 611–616.
Vacher, H. L., and Quinn, T. M. (eds.), 1997. Geology and Hydrogeology of Carbonate Islands, Developments in Sedimentology,
Elsevier, 54.
Wang, G.,1998. Tectonic and monsoonal controls on coral atolls in
the South China Sea. In Camoin, G. F., and Davies, P. J. (eds.),
Reefs and Carbonate Platforms in the Pacific and Indian
Oceans. International Association of Sedimentologists, Special
Publication, 25, pp. 237–248.
Wang, G., Lu, B., and Quan, S., 1990. Sedimentary characteristics
of coral reefs in the northern part of the South China Sea. Atoll
Research Bulletin, 346, 1–23.
Wardlaw, B. R., Henry, T. W., and Martin, W. E., 1991. Sediment
facies of Enewetak Atoll Lagoon. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 1513-B, pp. B1–B30.
Webb, A., 2006. Coastal change analysis using multi-temporal image
comparisons – Funafuti Atoll. South Pacific Applied Geoscience
Commission (SOPAC) Technical Report, no 54 (EU EDF 8/9).
Weber, J. N., and Woodhead, P. M. J., 1972. Carbonate lagoon and
beach sediments of Tarawa atoll, Gilbert Islands. Atoll Research
Bulletin, 157, 1–28.
Weisler, M. I., 1994. The settlement of marginal Polynesia: new evidence from Henderson Island. Journal of Field Archaeology, 21,
83–102.
Whitehead, D. R., and Jones, C. E., 1969. Small islands and the
equilibrium theory of insular biogeography. Evolution, 23,
171–179.
Wiens, H. J., 1959. Atoll development and morphology. Annals of
the Association of American Geographers, 49, 31–54.
Wiens, H., 1962. Atoll Environment and Ecology. New Haven: Yale
University Press.
Wood-Jones, F., 1912. Coral and Atolls: A History and Description
of the Keeling-Cocos Islands, with an Account of Their Fauna
and Flora, and a Discussion of the Method of Development
and Transformation of Coral Structures in General. London:
Lovell Reeve and Co., 392 pp.
Woodroffe, C. D., 1985. Vegetation and flora of Nui Atoll. Atoll
Research Bulletin, 283, 1–28.
Woodroffe, C. D., 1988. Pacific Island Mangroves: distribution and
environmental settings. Pacific Science, 41, 166–185.
Woodroffe, C. D., 1993. Morphology and evolution of reef islands
in the Maldives, Proceedings of the 7th International Coral Reef
Symposium, 2, 1217–1226.
Woodroffe, C. D., 2005. Late Quaternary sea-level highstands in the
central and eastern Indian Ocean: a review. Global and Planetary Change, 49, 121–138.
Woodroffe, C. D., 2008. Reef-island topography and the vulnerability of atolls to sea-level rise. Global and Planetary Change, 62,
77–96.
70
ATOLLS