436
Polyphenol , 405, 409–411
Polypterus , 21, 215, 216, 244, 249, 281,
282, 299
Practical applications , 141–142, 271, 335,
344, 394, 416
Prelomin , 218
Prismatic calcifi ed cartilage , 8
Pristiophoriformes (Sawsharks) , 13
R
Regeneration , 79, 80, 220, 221, 228, 272,
297–299, 329, 330, 333, 334, 349,
415, 419
Respiratory turbinates , 39
Rigid eggshell , 144
Robotics , 50, 118, 273, 274, 277–309
Rostral teeth , 109–110
Rostrum , 10, 13, 22, 29, 43, 77, 97, 98, 101,
104, 109, 110
S
Salt glands , 31, 33–36, 39, 40, 164–171, 426
Saw or saw-snout , 10
Scaffolds , 80, 81, 271, 274, 328–330, 362,
379, 415, 416, 418
Sea snakes (Hydrophiinae) , 33
Selfcleaning , 257–258
Semidentine , 219
Shagreen , 269–271
Shark teeth , 118–122, 217
Silica-based minerals , 179–181
Skeletal
structures , 3, 15, 46
system , 94
Smart materials , 301–302, 363
Snakes (Suborder Serpentes, or Ophidia) , 33
Soft cartilage , 71, 91
Soft eggshell , 144
Species richness and diversity of marine
vertebrates , 3
Spin-brush complex , 10, 11
Sponges , 31, 179, 181, 321, 322, 328, 331,
334, 344, 379, 382
Squaliformes (Dogfi sh) , 14
Squatiniformes (Angelsharks) , 13
Sting , 11
Structural proteins , 3, 70, 80, 321, 362, 365,
378, 380, 410, 415–419
Subclass Elasmobranchii , 11–12
Subclass Holocephali , 17
Subclass Sarcopterygii (lobe-fi nned fi shes) ,
24–25
Superoleophobicity , 245, 256
Supraclass Agnatha (Jawless fi shes) , 4
Supraclass Gnathostomata , 9
Surface shape , 252–258, 286
T
Teeth , 6, 78, 104, 213, 242, 380, 405
Tetrapoda , 26–49
Thelodont , 6, 226, 227
Tissue engineering , 79–82, 109, 263–274,
299, 300, 328, 330, 331, 354,
415–419
Tooth-like structures , 7, 91, 104–108, 225
U
Uroliths , 172, 174, 176–179
Uropygial (preen) glands , 40
V
Vasodentine , 219
Vaterite , 134, 140, 142, 143, 148, 150, 151
Vertebrate oral teeth , 114–132
Vestibular sensory apparatus , 133
W
Walrus tusk , 48, 104, 130–132
Waterproof feathers , 40–41
Whale baleen , 390–394, 425, 426
Whale teeth , 104, 122–126
Wings
and diving , 42–43
and fl ight , 41–42
Index
Polyphenol , 405, 409–411
Polypterus , 21, 215, 216, 244, 249, 281,
282, 299
Practical applications , 141–142, 271, 335,
344, 394, 416
Prelomin , 218
Prismatic calcifi ed cartilage , 8
Pristiophoriformes (Sawsharks) , 13
R
Regeneration , 79, 80, 220, 221, 228, 272,
297–299, 329, 330, 333, 334, 349,
415, 419
Respiratory turbinates , 39
Rigid eggshell , 144
Robotics , 50, 118, 273, 274, 277–309
Rostral teeth , 109–110
Rostrum , 10, 13, 22, 29, 43, 77, 97, 98, 101,
104, 109, 110
S
Salt glands , 31, 33–36, 39, 40, 164–171, 426
Saw or saw-snout , 10
Scaffolds , 80, 81, 271, 274, 328–330, 362,
379, 415, 416, 418
Sea snakes (Hydrophiinae) , 33
Selfcleaning , 257–258
Semidentine , 219
Shagreen , 269–271
Shark teeth , 118–122, 217
Silica-based minerals , 179–181
Skeletal
structures , 3, 15, 46
system , 94
Smart materials , 301–302, 363
Snakes (Suborder Serpentes, or Ophidia) , 33
Soft cartilage , 71, 91
Soft eggshell , 144
Species richness and diversity of marine
vertebrates , 3
Spin-brush complex , 10, 11
Sponges , 31, 179, 181, 321, 322, 328, 331,
334, 344, 379, 382
Squaliformes (Dogfi sh) , 14
Squatiniformes (Angelsharks) , 13
Sting , 11
Structural proteins , 3, 70, 80, 321, 362, 365,
378, 380, 410, 415–419
Subclass Elasmobranchii , 11–12
Subclass Holocephali , 17
Subclass Sarcopterygii (lobe-fi nned fi shes) ,
24–25
Superoleophobicity , 245, 256
Supraclass Agnatha (Jawless fi shes) , 4
Supraclass Gnathostomata , 9
Surface shape , 252–258, 286
T
Teeth , 6, 78, 104, 213, 242, 380, 405
Tetrapoda , 26–49
Thelodont , 6, 226, 227
Tissue engineering , 79–82, 109, 263–274,
299, 300, 328, 330, 331, 354,
415–419
Tooth-like structures , 7, 91, 104–108, 225
U
Uroliths , 172, 174, 176–179
Uropygial (preen) glands , 40
V
Vasodentine , 219
Vaterite , 134, 140, 142, 143, 148, 150, 151
Vertebrate oral teeth , 114–132
Vestibular sensory apparatus , 133
W
Walrus tusk , 48, 104, 130–132
Waterproof feathers , 40–41
Whale baleen , 390–394, 425, 426
Whale teeth , 104, 122–126
Wings
and diving , 42–43
and fl ight , 41–42
Index
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