396
D’Alba L, Kieffer L, Shawkey MD (2012) Relative contributions of pigments and biophotonic
nanostructures to natural color production: a case study in budgerigar ( Melopsittacus undulatus ) feathers. J Exp Biol 215(Pt 8):1272–1277
Dalla Valle L, Nardi A, Gelmi C et al (2009a) Beta–keratins of the crocodilian epidermis: composition, structure, and phylogenetic relationships. J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol 312(1):42–57
Dalla Valle L, Nardi A, Toni M et al (2009b) Beta–keratins of turtle shell are glycine–proline–tyrosine rich proteins similar to those of crocodilians and birds. J Anat 214(2):284–300
Deméré TA, McGowen MR, Berta A et al (2008) Morphological and molecular evidence for a
stepwise evolutionary transition from teeth to baleen in mysticete whales. Syst Biol 57(1):15–
37, by permission of Oxford University Press
Dobb MG, Rogers GE (1967) Electron microscopy of fi brous keratins. Symposium on fi brous
proteins 1:267–278
Downing SW, Salo WL, Spitzer RH, Koch EA (1981a) The hagfi sh slime gland: a model system
for studying the biology of mucus. Science 214:1143–1145
Downing SW, Spitzer RH, Salo WL et al (1981b) Hagfi sh slime gland thread cells: organization,
biochemical features, and length. Science 212:326–328
Downing SW, Spitzer RH, Koch EA et al (1984) The hagfi sh slime gland thread cell. I. A unique
cellular system for the study of intermediate fi laments and intermediate fi lament–microtubule
interactions. J Cell Biol 98:653–669
Eliason CM, Shawkey MD (2012) A photonic heterostructure produces diverse iridescent colours
in duck wing patches. J R Soc Interface 9(74):2279–2289, by permission of the Royal Society.
Copyright © 2011, The Royal Society
Er Rafi k M, Briki F, Burghammer M et al (2006) In vivo formation of the hard alpha–keratin intermediate fi lament along a hair follicle: evidence for structural polymorphism. J Struct Biol
154:79–88
Eschricht DF, Reinhardt J (1866) Recent memoirs on the cetacean. In: Flower WH (ed) On the
greenland right whale. The Ray Soc, London
Ewoldt RH et al (2011) Reprinted from Ewoldt RH, Winegard TM, Fudge DS (2011) Non-linear
viscoelasticity of hagfi sh slime. Int J Non-Linear Mech: Special issue on non-linear mechanics
of biological structures 46(4):627–636. Copyright (2011), with permission from Elsevier
Fan WJW (1965) The fi ne structure of thread cell differentiation in the slime glands of the Pacifi c
hagfi sh, Polistrotrema stouti . Anat Rec 151:348
Fernholm B (1981) Thread cells from the slime glands of hagfi sh (Myxinidae). Acta Zool
62:137–145
Ferry JD (1941) A fi brous protein from the slime of the hagfi sh. J Biol Chem 138:263–268.
Copyright © 1941, by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Flitney EW, Kuczmarski ER, Adam SA et al (2009) Insights into the mechanical properties of
epithelial cells: the effects of shear stress on the assembly and remodeling of keratin intermediate fi laments. FASEB J 23:2110–2119
Flower WH (1883) On whales, past and present, and their probable origin. Nature 28:199–202
Fraser RDB, Parry DAD (2008) Molecular packing in the feather keratin fi lament. J Struct Biol
162:1–13
Fraser RD, Parry DA (2011) The structural basis of the fi lament–matrix texture in the avian/reptilian group of hard β–keratins. J Struct Biol 173(2):391–405
Fraser RDB, MacRae TP, Rogers GE (1972) Keratins: their composition, structure and biosynthesis. Charles C Thomas, Springfi eld
Freeburg WE, Brault S, Mayo C et al (2009) Whale baleen trace element signatures: a predictor of
environmental life history? American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2009, abstract Nr.
B32B–05
Fudge DS (2001) Hagfi shes: champions of slime. Nat Aust 27:60–69
Fudge DS, Gosline JM (2004) Molecular design of the alpha–keratin composite: insights from a
matrix–free model, hagfi sh slime threads. Proc Biol Sci 271:291–299
Fudge DS, Gardner KH, Forsyth VT et al (2003) The mechanical properties of hydrated intermediate fi laments: insights from hagfi sh slime threads. Biophys J 85:2015–2027
11 Marine Keratins
D’Alba L, Kieffer L, Shawkey MD (2012) Relative contributions of pigments and biophotonic
nanostructures to natural color production: a case study in budgerigar ( Melopsittacus undulatus ) feathers. J Exp Biol 215(Pt 8):1272–1277
Dalla Valle L, Nardi A, Gelmi C et al (2009a) Beta–keratins of the crocodilian epidermis: composition, structure, and phylogenetic relationships. J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol 312(1):42–57
Dalla Valle L, Nardi A, Toni M et al (2009b) Beta–keratins of turtle shell are glycine–proline–tyrosine rich proteins similar to those of crocodilians and birds. J Anat 214(2):284–300
Deméré TA, McGowen MR, Berta A et al (2008) Morphological and molecular evidence for a
stepwise evolutionary transition from teeth to baleen in mysticete whales. Syst Biol 57(1):15–
37, by permission of Oxford University Press
Dobb MG, Rogers GE (1967) Electron microscopy of fi brous keratins. Symposium on fi brous
proteins 1:267–278
Downing SW, Salo WL, Spitzer RH, Koch EA (1981a) The hagfi sh slime gland: a model system
for studying the biology of mucus. Science 214:1143–1145
Downing SW, Spitzer RH, Salo WL et al (1981b) Hagfi sh slime gland thread cells: organization,
biochemical features, and length. Science 212:326–328
Downing SW, Spitzer RH, Koch EA et al (1984) The hagfi sh slime gland thread cell. I. A unique
cellular system for the study of intermediate fi laments and intermediate fi lament–microtubule
interactions. J Cell Biol 98:653–669
Eliason CM, Shawkey MD (2012) A photonic heterostructure produces diverse iridescent colours
in duck wing patches. J R Soc Interface 9(74):2279–2289, by permission of the Royal Society.
Copyright © 2011, The Royal Society
Er Rafi k M, Briki F, Burghammer M et al (2006) In vivo formation of the hard alpha–keratin intermediate fi lament along a hair follicle: evidence for structural polymorphism. J Struct Biol
154:79–88
Eschricht DF, Reinhardt J (1866) Recent memoirs on the cetacean. In: Flower WH (ed) On the
greenland right whale. The Ray Soc, London
Ewoldt RH et al (2011) Reprinted from Ewoldt RH, Winegard TM, Fudge DS (2011) Non-linear
viscoelasticity of hagfi sh slime. Int J Non-Linear Mech: Special issue on non-linear mechanics
of biological structures 46(4):627–636. Copyright (2011), with permission from Elsevier
Fan WJW (1965) The fi ne structure of thread cell differentiation in the slime glands of the Pacifi c
hagfi sh, Polistrotrema stouti . Anat Rec 151:348
Fernholm B (1981) Thread cells from the slime glands of hagfi sh (Myxinidae). Acta Zool
62:137–145
Ferry JD (1941) A fi brous protein from the slime of the hagfi sh. J Biol Chem 138:263–268.
Copyright © 1941, by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Flitney EW, Kuczmarski ER, Adam SA et al (2009) Insights into the mechanical properties of
epithelial cells: the effects of shear stress on the assembly and remodeling of keratin intermediate fi laments. FASEB J 23:2110–2119
Flower WH (1883) On whales, past and present, and their probable origin. Nature 28:199–202
Fraser RDB, Parry DAD (2008) Molecular packing in the feather keratin fi lament. J Struct Biol
162:1–13
Fraser RD, Parry DA (2011) The structural basis of the fi lament–matrix texture in the avian/reptilian group of hard β–keratins. J Struct Biol 173(2):391–405
Fraser RDB, MacRae TP, Rogers GE (1972) Keratins: their composition, structure and biosynthesis. Charles C Thomas, Springfi eld
Freeburg WE, Brault S, Mayo C et al (2009) Whale baleen trace element signatures: a predictor of
environmental life history? American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2009, abstract Nr.
B32B–05
Fudge DS (2001) Hagfi shes: champions of slime. Nat Aust 27:60–69
Fudge DS, Gosline JM (2004) Molecular design of the alpha–keratin composite: insights from a
matrix–free model, hagfi sh slime threads. Proc Biol Sci 271:291–299
Fudge DS, Gardner KH, Forsyth VT et al (2003) The mechanical properties of hydrated intermediate fi laments: insights from hagfi sh slime threads. Biophys J 85:2015–2027
11 Marine Keratins