395
Alibardi L (2005) Proliferation in the epidermis of chelonians and growth of the horny scutes.
J Morphol 265:52–69
Alibardi L (2006) Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical observations on the process of horny
growth in chelonian shells. Acta Histochem 108:149–162
Alibardi L, Toni M (2006) Immunolocalization and characterization of beta–keratins in growing
epidermis of chelonians. Tissue Cell 38:53–63
Alibardi L, Toni M (2007a) Immunological characterization of a newly developed antibody for
localization of a beta–keratin in turtle epidermis. J Exp Zool 308B:200–208
Alibardi L, Toni M (2007b) Reprinted from Alibardi L, Toni M (2007b) Characterization of keratins and associated proteins involved in the corneifi cation of crocodilian epidermis. Tissue Cell
39(5):311–323. Copyright © 2007, with permission from Elsevier
Alibardi L, Toni M (2007c) Beta–keratins of reptrilian scales share a central amino–acid sequence
termed core–box. Res J Biol Sci 2(3):329–339
Alibardi L, Spisni E, Toni M (2004) Differentiation of the epidermis in turtle: an immunocytochemical, autoradiographic and electrophoretic analysis. Acta Histochem 106(5):379–395
Arora R, Bhatia S, Sehrawat A et al (2008) Genetic polymorphism of type 1 intermediate fi lament
wool keratin gene in native Indian sheep breeds. Biochem Genet 46(9–10):549–556
Bawden CS, McLaughlan C, Nesci A et al (2001) A unique type I keratin intermediate fi lament
gene family is abundantly expressed in the inner root sheaths of sheep and human hair follicles.
J Invest Dermatol 116:157–166
Blackstad TW (1963) The skin and the slime gland. In: Brodal A, Fänge R (eds) The biology of
myxine. Universitetsforlaget, Oslo
Block RJ (1951) Chemical classifi cation of keratins. Ann N Y Acad Sci 53:608–612
Bonser RHC (1996) The mechanical properties of feather keratin. J Zool (Lond) 239:477–484
Bonser RHC (2001) The mechanical performance of medullary foam from feathers. J Mater Sci
Lett 20:941–942
Bonser RHC, Purslow PP (1995) The Young’s modulus of feather keratin. J Exp Biol 198:1029–1033
Bonser RHC, Saker L, Jeronimidis G (2004) Toughness anisotropy of feather keratin. J Mater Sci
39:2895–2896
Bousquet O, Ma L, Yamada S et al (2001) The nonhelical tail domain of keratin 14 promotes fi lament bundling and enhances the mechanical properties of keratin intermediate fi laments
in vitro. J Cell Biol 155:747–754
Braun C, Northcutt RG (1998) Cutaneous exteroreceptors and their innervation in hagfi shes. In:
Jorgensen L, Weber M (eds) The biology of hagfi shes. Chapman & Hall, London
Brenner L, Squires PL, Garry M et al (1985) A measurement of human hair oxidation by Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy. J Forensic Sci 30:420–426
Brodie P, Vikingsson G (2009) On the feeding mechanisms of the Sei Whale ( Balaenoptera borealis ). J Northwest Atl Fish Sci 42:49–54
Cameron GJ, Wess TJ, Bonser RHC (2003) Young’s modulus varies with differential orientation of
keratin in feathers. J Struct Biol 143:118–123
Clarke JA, Ksepka DT, Salas–Gismondi R et al (2010) Fossil evidence for evolution of the shape
and color of penguin feathers. Science 330:954–957
Coulombe PA, Omary MB (2002) ‘Hard’ and ‘soft’ principles defi ning the structure, function and
regulation of keratin intermediate fi laments. Curr Opin Cell Biol 14(1):110–122
Coulombe PA, Tong X, Mazzalupo S et al (2004) Great promises yet to be fulfi lled: defi ning keratin intermediate fi lament function in vivo . Eur J Cell Biol 83(11–12):735–746
Cousteau JY, Paccalet Y (1988) Whales. H.N. Abrams, New York
Crewther WG, Fraser RDB, Lennox FG et al (1965) The chemistry of keratins. In: Anfi nsen CB,
Anson ML, Edsall JT, Richards FM (eds) Advances in protein chemistry. Academic, New York
Crick FHC (1952) Is alpha–keratin a coiled coil? Nature 170:882–883
Crystall B (2000) Monstrous mucus. New Sci 2229:38–41
D’Alba L, Saranathan V, Clarke JA et al (2011) Colour-producing β-keratin nanofi bres in blue
penguin ( Eudyptula minor ) feathers. Biol Lett 7(4):543–546, rsbl20101163, by permission of
the Royal Society. Copyright © 2011, The Royal Society
References
Alibardi L (2005) Proliferation in the epidermis of chelonians and growth of the horny scutes.
J Morphol 265:52–69
Alibardi L (2006) Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical observations on the process of horny
growth in chelonian shells. Acta Histochem 108:149–162
Alibardi L, Toni M (2006) Immunolocalization and characterization of beta–keratins in growing
epidermis of chelonians. Tissue Cell 38:53–63
Alibardi L, Toni M (2007a) Immunological characterization of a newly developed antibody for
localization of a beta–keratin in turtle epidermis. J Exp Zool 308B:200–208
Alibardi L, Toni M (2007b) Reprinted from Alibardi L, Toni M (2007b) Characterization of keratins and associated proteins involved in the corneifi cation of crocodilian epidermis. Tissue Cell
39(5):311–323. Copyright © 2007, with permission from Elsevier
Alibardi L, Toni M (2007c) Beta–keratins of reptrilian scales share a central amino–acid sequence
termed core–box. Res J Biol Sci 2(3):329–339
Alibardi L, Spisni E, Toni M (2004) Differentiation of the epidermis in turtle: an immunocytochemical, autoradiographic and electrophoretic analysis. Acta Histochem 106(5):379–395
Arora R, Bhatia S, Sehrawat A et al (2008) Genetic polymorphism of type 1 intermediate fi lament
wool keratin gene in native Indian sheep breeds. Biochem Genet 46(9–10):549–556
Bawden CS, McLaughlan C, Nesci A et al (2001) A unique type I keratin intermediate fi lament
gene family is abundantly expressed in the inner root sheaths of sheep and human hair follicles.
J Invest Dermatol 116:157–166
Blackstad TW (1963) The skin and the slime gland. In: Brodal A, Fänge R (eds) The biology of
myxine. Universitetsforlaget, Oslo
Block RJ (1951) Chemical classifi cation of keratins. Ann N Y Acad Sci 53:608–612
Bonser RHC (1996) The mechanical properties of feather keratin. J Zool (Lond) 239:477–484
Bonser RHC (2001) The mechanical performance of medullary foam from feathers. J Mater Sci
Lett 20:941–942
Bonser RHC, Purslow PP (1995) The Young’s modulus of feather keratin. J Exp Biol 198:1029–1033
Bonser RHC, Saker L, Jeronimidis G (2004) Toughness anisotropy of feather keratin. J Mater Sci
39:2895–2896
Bousquet O, Ma L, Yamada S et al (2001) The nonhelical tail domain of keratin 14 promotes fi lament bundling and enhances the mechanical properties of keratin intermediate fi laments
in vitro. J Cell Biol 155:747–754
Braun C, Northcutt RG (1998) Cutaneous exteroreceptors and their innervation in hagfi shes. In:
Jorgensen L, Weber M (eds) The biology of hagfi shes. Chapman & Hall, London
Brenner L, Squires PL, Garry M et al (1985) A measurement of human hair oxidation by Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy. J Forensic Sci 30:420–426
Brodie P, Vikingsson G (2009) On the feeding mechanisms of the Sei Whale ( Balaenoptera borealis ). J Northwest Atl Fish Sci 42:49–54
Cameron GJ, Wess TJ, Bonser RHC (2003) Young’s modulus varies with differential orientation of
keratin in feathers. J Struct Biol 143:118–123
Clarke JA, Ksepka DT, Salas–Gismondi R et al (2010) Fossil evidence for evolution of the shape
and color of penguin feathers. Science 330:954–957
Coulombe PA, Omary MB (2002) ‘Hard’ and ‘soft’ principles defi ning the structure, function and
regulation of keratin intermediate fi laments. Curr Opin Cell Biol 14(1):110–122
Coulombe PA, Tong X, Mazzalupo S et al (2004) Great promises yet to be fulfi lled: defi ning keratin intermediate fi lament function in vivo . Eur J Cell Biol 83(11–12):735–746
Cousteau JY, Paccalet Y (1988) Whales. H.N. Abrams, New York
Crewther WG, Fraser RDB, Lennox FG et al (1965) The chemistry of keratins. In: Anfi nsen CB,
Anson ML, Edsall JT, Richards FM (eds) Advances in protein chemistry. Academic, New York
Crick FHC (1952) Is alpha–keratin a coiled coil? Nature 170:882–883
Crystall B (2000) Monstrous mucus. New Sci 2229:38–41
D’Alba L, Saranathan V, Clarke JA et al (2011) Colour-producing β-keratin nanofi bres in blue
penguin ( Eudyptula minor ) feathers. Biol Lett 7(4):543–546, rsbl20101163, by permission of
the Royal Society. Copyright © 2011, The Royal Society
References