330
Some years ago, Lin et al. ( 2010 ) proposed a new scaffold based on acellularized
and decalcifi ed fi sh scales for corneal regeneration. Rapid rabbit corneal cells proliferation and migration at different time periods on this scaffold have been reported.
“Collectively, the authors demonstrated the superior cellular conductivity of the
newly developed material. The highly centrally-oriented micropatterned structure
of the scaffold was benefi cial for effi cient nutrient and oxygen supply to the cells
cultured in the three-dimensional matrices, and therefore it is useful for high- density
cell seeding and spreading,” (Lin et al. 2010 ).
Recently, Terada and co-authors reported in article “Construction and characterization of a tissue-engineered oral mucosa equivalent based on a chitosan-fi sh scale
collagen composite,”:
“This study was designed to assess the in vitro biocompatibility of a chitosancollagen composite scaffold constructed by blending commercial chitosan and tilapia scale collagen with oral mucosa keratinocytes. […] These fi ndings demonstrated
that these hybrid scaffolds have a potential application for epithelial tissue engineering, and provides a new potential therapeutic device for oral mucosa regenerative
medicine,” (Terada et al. 2012 ).
The animal implantation studies have demonstrated (Kawase et al. 2010 ) that,
“after osteogenic processing, cultured human periosteal sheets form osteoid tissue
ectopically without the aid of conventional scaffolding materials. To improve the
osteogenic activity of these periosteal sheets, we have tested the effects of including
a scaffold made of salmon collagen-coated ePTFE mesh. Periosteal sheets were
produced with minimal manipulation without enzymatic digestion. Outgrown cells
penetrated into the coated mesh fi ber networks to form complex multicellular layers
and increased expression of alkaline phosphatase activity in response to the osteoinduction. In vitro mineralization was notably enhanced in the original tissue segment regions, but numerous micro-mineral deposits were also formed on the
coated-fi ber networks. When implanted subcutaneously into nude mice, periosteal
sheets effi ciently form osteoid around the mineral deposits. These fi ndings suggest
that the intricate three-dimensional mesh composed of collagen-coated fi bers substantially augmented the osteogenic activity of human periosteal sheets both in vitro
and in vivo ,” (Kawase et al. 2010 ).
One of the modern challenging tasks is to obtain restorable collagen/hydroxyapatite composites for applications in bone regeneration. In the report by Michael
Meyer and co-workers (Hoyer et al. 2012 ), “established procedures for mineralization of bovine collagen were adapted to a new promising source of collagen from
salmon skin took on the challenge of the low denaturation temperature. Therefore,
in the fi rst instance, variation of temperature, collagen concentration, and ionic
strength was performed to reveal optimized parameters for fi brillation and simultaneous mineralization of salmon collagen. Porous scaffolds from mineralized salmon
collagen were prepared by controlled freeze-drying and chemical cross-linking. The
scaffolds exhibited interconnecting porosity, were suffi ciently stable under cyclic
compression, and showed elastic mechanical properties. Human mesenchymal stem
cells were able to adhere to the scaffolds, cell number increased during cultivation,
and osteogenic differentiation was demonstrated in terms of alkaline phosphatase
activity,” (Hoyer et al. 2012 ).
8 Marine Collagens
Some years ago, Lin et al. ( 2010 ) proposed a new scaffold based on acellularized
and decalcifi ed fi sh scales for corneal regeneration. Rapid rabbit corneal cells proliferation and migration at different time periods on this scaffold have been reported.
“Collectively, the authors demonstrated the superior cellular conductivity of the
newly developed material. The highly centrally-oriented micropatterned structure
of the scaffold was benefi cial for effi cient nutrient and oxygen supply to the cells
cultured in the three-dimensional matrices, and therefore it is useful for high- density
cell seeding and spreading,” (Lin et al. 2010 ).
Recently, Terada and co-authors reported in article “Construction and characterization of a tissue-engineered oral mucosa equivalent based on a chitosan-fi sh scale
collagen composite,”:
“This study was designed to assess the in vitro biocompatibility of a chitosancollagen composite scaffold constructed by blending commercial chitosan and tilapia scale collagen with oral mucosa keratinocytes. […] These fi ndings demonstrated
that these hybrid scaffolds have a potential application for epithelial tissue engineering, and provides a new potential therapeutic device for oral mucosa regenerative
medicine,” (Terada et al. 2012 ).
The animal implantation studies have demonstrated (Kawase et al. 2010 ) that,
“after osteogenic processing, cultured human periosteal sheets form osteoid tissue
ectopically without the aid of conventional scaffolding materials. To improve the
osteogenic activity of these periosteal sheets, we have tested the effects of including
a scaffold made of salmon collagen-coated ePTFE mesh. Periosteal sheets were
produced with minimal manipulation without enzymatic digestion. Outgrown cells
penetrated into the coated mesh fi ber networks to form complex multicellular layers
and increased expression of alkaline phosphatase activity in response to the osteoinduction. In vitro mineralization was notably enhanced in the original tissue segment regions, but numerous micro-mineral deposits were also formed on the
coated-fi ber networks. When implanted subcutaneously into nude mice, periosteal
sheets effi ciently form osteoid around the mineral deposits. These fi ndings suggest
that the intricate three-dimensional mesh composed of collagen-coated fi bers substantially augmented the osteogenic activity of human periosteal sheets both in vitro
and in vivo ,” (Kawase et al. 2010 ).
One of the modern challenging tasks is to obtain restorable collagen/hydroxyapatite composites for applications in bone regeneration. In the report by Michael
Meyer and co-workers (Hoyer et al. 2012 ), “established procedures for mineralization of bovine collagen were adapted to a new promising source of collagen from
salmon skin took on the challenge of the low denaturation temperature. Therefore,
in the fi rst instance, variation of temperature, collagen concentration, and ionic
strength was performed to reveal optimized parameters for fi brillation and simultaneous mineralization of salmon collagen. Porous scaffolds from mineralized salmon
collagen were prepared by controlled freeze-drying and chemical cross-linking. The
scaffolds exhibited interconnecting porosity, were suffi ciently stable under cyclic
compression, and showed elastic mechanical properties. Human mesenchymal stem
cells were able to adhere to the scaffolds, cell number increased during cultivation,
and osteogenic differentiation was demonstrated in terms of alkaline phosphatase
activity,” (Hoyer et al. 2012 ).
8 Marine Collagens