316
Suzuki T, Haga Y, Takeuchi T et al (2003) Differentiation of chondrocytes and scleroblasts during
dorsal fi n skeletogenesis in fl ounder larvae. Dev Growth Differ 45(5–6):435–448. Copyright ©
2004, John Wiley and Sons. Reprinted with permission
Swaminathan TR, Lakra WS, Gopalakrishnan A et al (2010) Development and characterization of
a new epithelial cell line PSF from caudal fi n of Green chromide, Etroplus suratensis (Bloch,
1790). In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 46(8):647–656
Taft NK, Taft BN (2012) Republished with permission of Company of Biologists Ltd., from Taft
NK, Taft BN (2012) Functional implications of morphological specializations among the
pectoral fi n rays of the benthic longhorn sculpin. J Exp Biol 215(Pt 15):2703–2710. Copyright
(2012) permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc
Tan X, Kim D, Usher N et al (2006) An autonomous robotic fi sh for mobile sensing. In: Proceedings
of the 2006 IEEE/RSJ international conference on intelligent robots and systems October 9–15,
2006, Beijing, pp 5424–5429. doi: 10.1109/IROS.2006.282110 . © 2006 IEEE. Reprinted, with
permission
Tangorra J, Anquetil P, Fofonoff T et al (2007a) The application of conducting polymers to a biorobotic fi n propulsor. Bioinspir Biomim 2:S6–S17. Copyright © 2007 IOP Publishing. Reprinted
with permission. All rights reserved
Tangorra JL, Davidson SN, Hunter I et al (2007b) The development of a biologically inspired
propulsor for unmanned underwater vehicles. IEEE J Ocean Eng 32(3):533–550. © 2007
IEEE. Reprinted, with permission
Tangorra JL et al (2010) Republished with permission of Company of Biologists Ltd., from
Tangorra JL, Lauder GV, Hunter IW, Mittal R, Madden PG, Bozkurttas M (2010) The effect of
fi n ray fl exural rigidity on the propulsive forces generated by a biorobotic fi sh pectoral fi n. J
Exp Biol 213(Pt 23):4043–4054. Copyright (2010); permission conveyed through Copyright
Clearance Center, Inc
Tangorra J, Phelan C, Esposito C et al (2011) Use of biorobotic models of highly deformable fi ns
for studying the mechanics and control of fi n forces in fi shes. Integr Comp Biol 51(1):176–189,
by permission of Oxford University Press
Thorsen DH, Westneat MW (2005) Diversity of pectoral fi n structure and function in fi shes with
labriform propulsion. J Morphol 263(2):133–150. Copyright © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Reprinted
with permission
Triantafyllou MS, Triantafyllou GS (1995) An effi cient swimming machine. Sci Am 272(3):62–70
Triantafyllou MS, Techet AH, Zhu Q et al (2002) Vorticity control in fi sh-like propulsion and
maneuvering. Integr Comp Biol 42:1026–1031
Tsuchiya Y, Nomura T (1953) Chemical nature of the shark fi n fi ber. Tohoku J Agric Res 4(1):43–53
van den Boogaart JGM, Muller M, Osse JWM (2012) Structure and function of the median fi nfold
in larval teleosts. J Exp Biol 215:2359–2368
Wainwright SA (1983) To bend a fi sh. In: Webb PW, Weihs D (eds) Fish biomechanics. Praeger,
New York
Wainwright PC, Bellwood DR, Westneat MW (2002) Ecomorphology of locomotion in labrid
fi shes. Environ Biol Fish 65:47–62
Walker JA (2000) Does a rigid body limit maneuverability? J Exp Biol 203:3391–3396
Walker JA, Westneat MW (1997) Motor patterns of Labriform locomotion: kinematic and electromyographic analysis of pectoral fi n swimming in the labrid fi sh Gomphosus varius . J Exp Biol
200:1881–1893
Walker JA, Westneat MW (2000) Mechanical performance of aquatic rowing and fl ying. Proc R
Soc Lond B 267:1875–1881
Walker JA, Westneat MW (2002) Performance limits of labriform propulsion and correlates with
fi n shape and motion. J Exp Biol 205:177–187
Wang G, LaPatra S, Zeng L et al (2003) Establishment, growth, cryopreservation and species of
origin identifi cation of three cell lines from white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus . Methods
Cell Sci 25:211–220
Ward AB (2002) Kinematics of the pectoral fi ns in batfi shes (Ogcocephalidae) during aquatic
walking. Integr Comp Biol 42:1331–1331
7 Fish Fins and Rays as Inspiration for Materials Engineering and Robotics
Suzuki T, Haga Y, Takeuchi T et al (2003) Differentiation of chondrocytes and scleroblasts during
dorsal fi n skeletogenesis in fl ounder larvae. Dev Growth Differ 45(5–6):435–448. Copyright ©
2004, John Wiley and Sons. Reprinted with permission
Swaminathan TR, Lakra WS, Gopalakrishnan A et al (2010) Development and characterization of
a new epithelial cell line PSF from caudal fi n of Green chromide, Etroplus suratensis (Bloch,
1790). In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 46(8):647–656
Taft NK, Taft BN (2012) Republished with permission of Company of Biologists Ltd., from Taft
NK, Taft BN (2012) Functional implications of morphological specializations among the
pectoral fi n rays of the benthic longhorn sculpin. J Exp Biol 215(Pt 15):2703–2710. Copyright
(2012) permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc
Tan X, Kim D, Usher N et al (2006) An autonomous robotic fi sh for mobile sensing. In: Proceedings
of the 2006 IEEE/RSJ international conference on intelligent robots and systems October 9–15,
2006, Beijing, pp 5424–5429. doi: 10.1109/IROS.2006.282110 . © 2006 IEEE. Reprinted, with
permission
Tangorra J, Anquetil P, Fofonoff T et al (2007a) The application of conducting polymers to a biorobotic fi n propulsor. Bioinspir Biomim 2:S6–S17. Copyright © 2007 IOP Publishing. Reprinted
with permission. All rights reserved
Tangorra JL, Davidson SN, Hunter I et al (2007b) The development of a biologically inspired
propulsor for unmanned underwater vehicles. IEEE J Ocean Eng 32(3):533–550. © 2007
IEEE. Reprinted, with permission
Tangorra JL et al (2010) Republished with permission of Company of Biologists Ltd., from
Tangorra JL, Lauder GV, Hunter IW, Mittal R, Madden PG, Bozkurttas M (2010) The effect of
fi n ray fl exural rigidity on the propulsive forces generated by a biorobotic fi sh pectoral fi n. J
Exp Biol 213(Pt 23):4043–4054. Copyright (2010); permission conveyed through Copyright
Clearance Center, Inc
Tangorra J, Phelan C, Esposito C et al (2011) Use of biorobotic models of highly deformable fi ns
for studying the mechanics and control of fi n forces in fi shes. Integr Comp Biol 51(1):176–189,
by permission of Oxford University Press
Thorsen DH, Westneat MW (2005) Diversity of pectoral fi n structure and function in fi shes with
labriform propulsion. J Morphol 263(2):133–150. Copyright © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Reprinted
with permission
Triantafyllou MS, Triantafyllou GS (1995) An effi cient swimming machine. Sci Am 272(3):62–70
Triantafyllou MS, Techet AH, Zhu Q et al (2002) Vorticity control in fi sh-like propulsion and
maneuvering. Integr Comp Biol 42:1026–1031
Tsuchiya Y, Nomura T (1953) Chemical nature of the shark fi n fi ber. Tohoku J Agric Res 4(1):43–53
van den Boogaart JGM, Muller M, Osse JWM (2012) Structure and function of the median fi nfold
in larval teleosts. J Exp Biol 215:2359–2368
Wainwright SA (1983) To bend a fi sh. In: Webb PW, Weihs D (eds) Fish biomechanics. Praeger,
New York
Wainwright PC, Bellwood DR, Westneat MW (2002) Ecomorphology of locomotion in labrid
fi shes. Environ Biol Fish 65:47–62
Walker JA (2000) Does a rigid body limit maneuverability? J Exp Biol 203:3391–3396
Walker JA, Westneat MW (1997) Motor patterns of Labriform locomotion: kinematic and electromyographic analysis of pectoral fi n swimming in the labrid fi sh Gomphosus varius . J Exp Biol
200:1881–1893
Walker JA, Westneat MW (2000) Mechanical performance of aquatic rowing and fl ying. Proc R
Soc Lond B 267:1875–1881
Walker JA, Westneat MW (2002) Performance limits of labriform propulsion and correlates with
fi n shape and motion. J Exp Biol 205:177–187
Wang G, LaPatra S, Zeng L et al (2003) Establishment, growth, cryopreservation and species of
origin identifi cation of three cell lines from white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus . Methods
Cell Sci 25:211–220
Ward AB (2002) Kinematics of the pectoral fi ns in batfi shes (Ogcocephalidae) during aquatic
walking. Integr Comp Biol 42:1331–1331
7 Fish Fins and Rays as Inspiration for Materials Engineering and Robotics