xi
5.3 Conclusion...................................................................................... 259
References ................................................................................................. 259
6 Fish Skin: From Clothing to Tissue Engineering ................................. 263
6.1 Fish Skin Clothing and Leather...................................................... 264
6.2 Shagreen ......................................................................................... 269
6.3 Fish Scales and Skin as Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering ............. 271
6.4 Conclusion...................................................................................... 274
References ................................................................................................. 274
7 Fish Fins and Rays as Inspiration for Materials
Engineering and Robotics ...................................................................... 277
7.1 Fish Fins and Rays: Diversity, Structure and Function .................. 278
7.1.1 Fish Wings: Fins of Flying Fish ......................................... 289
7.2 Fish Fin Spines and Rays ............................................................... 291
7.3 Chemistry of Fish Fin: Elastoidin .................................................. 295
7.4 Fin Regeneration and Fin Cell Culture .......................................... 298
7.5 Robotic Fish-Like Devices ............................................................. 300
7.5.1 Fish and Designing of Smart Materials .............................. 301
7.5.2 Fish Biorobotics ................................................................. 302
7.6 Conclusion...................................................................................... 308
References ................................................................................................. 309
Part IV Marine Biopolymers of Vertebrate Origin
8 Marine Collagens .................................................................................... 321
8.1 Isolation and Properties of Fish Collagens..................................... 322
8.2 Fish Collagen as a Biomaterial ...................................................... 328
8.3 Conclusion...................................................................................... 335
References ................................................................................................. 336
9 Marine Gelatins ....................................................................................... 343
9.1 Fish Gelatin-Based Films ............................................................... 349
9.2 Shark Skin and Cartilage Gelatin ................................................... 352
9.3 Conclusion...................................................................................... 354
References ................................................................................................. 355
10 Marine Elastin ......................................................................................... 361
10.1 Elastin-Like Proteins in Lamprey .................................................. 364
10.2 Fish Elastin ..................................................................................... 366
10.3 Cetacean Elastin ............................................................................. 368
10.4 Conclusion...................................................................................... 371
References ................................................................................................. 371
Contents
5.3 Conclusion...................................................................................... 259
References ................................................................................................. 259
6 Fish Skin: From Clothing to Tissue Engineering ................................. 263
6.1 Fish Skin Clothing and Leather...................................................... 264
6.2 Shagreen ......................................................................................... 269
6.3 Fish Scales and Skin as Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering ............. 271
6.4 Conclusion...................................................................................... 274
References ................................................................................................. 274
7 Fish Fins and Rays as Inspiration for Materials
Engineering and Robotics ...................................................................... 277
7.1 Fish Fins and Rays: Diversity, Structure and Function .................. 278
7.1.1 Fish Wings: Fins of Flying Fish ......................................... 289
7.2 Fish Fin Spines and Rays ............................................................... 291
7.3 Chemistry of Fish Fin: Elastoidin .................................................. 295
7.4 Fin Regeneration and Fin Cell Culture .......................................... 298
7.5 Robotic Fish-Like Devices ............................................................. 300
7.5.1 Fish and Designing of Smart Materials .............................. 301
7.5.2 Fish Biorobotics ................................................................. 302
7.6 Conclusion...................................................................................... 308
References ................................................................................................. 309
Part IV Marine Biopolymers of Vertebrate Origin
8 Marine Collagens .................................................................................... 321
8.1 Isolation and Properties of Fish Collagens..................................... 322
8.2 Fish Collagen as a Biomaterial ...................................................... 328
8.3 Conclusion...................................................................................... 335
References ................................................................................................. 336
9 Marine Gelatins ....................................................................................... 343
9.1 Fish Gelatin-Based Films ............................................................... 349
9.2 Shark Skin and Cartilage Gelatin ................................................... 352
9.3 Conclusion...................................................................................... 354
References ................................................................................................. 355
10 Marine Elastin ......................................................................................... 361
10.1 Elastin-Like Proteins in Lamprey .................................................. 364
10.2 Fish Elastin ..................................................................................... 366
10.3 Cetacean Elastin ............................................................................. 368
10.4 Conclusion...................................................................................... 371
References ................................................................................................. 371
Contents