M€ uller WEG, Jochum K, Stoll B, Wang XH (2008a) Formation of giant spicule from quartz glass
by the deep sea sponge Monorhaphis. Chem Mater 20:4703–4711
M€ uller WEG, Schloßmacher U, Wang XH, Boreiko A, Brandt D, Wolf SE, Tremel W,
Schr€ oder HC (2008b) Poly(silicate)-metabolizing silicatein in siliceous spicules and
silicasomes of demosponges comprises dual enzymatic activities (silica-polymerase and
silica-esterase). FEBS J 275:362–370
M€ uller WEG, Wang X, Kropf K, Boreiko A, Schloßmacher U, Brandt D, Schr€ oder HC, Wiens M
(2008c) Silicatein expression in the hexactinellid Crateromorpha meyeri: the lead marker gene
restricted to siliceous sponges. Cell Tissue Res 333:339–351
M€ uller WEG, Wang X, Burghard Z, Bill J, Krasko A, Boreiko A, Schloßmacher U, Schr€ oder HC,
Wiens M (2009a) Bio-sintering processes in hexactinellid sponges: fusion of biosilica in giant
basal spicules from Monorhaphis chuni. J Struct Biol 168:548–561
M€ uller WE, Wang X, Cui FZ, Jochum KP, Tremel W, Bill J, Schr€ oder HC, Natalio F,
Schlossmacher U, Wiens M (2009b) Sponge spicules as blueprints for the Biofabrication of
inorganic-organic composites and biomaterials. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 83:397–413
M€ uller WEG, Wang X, Sinha B, Wiens M, Schr€ oder HC, Jochum KP (2010) NanoSIMS: Insights
into the organization of the proteinaceous scaffold within hexactinellid sponge spicules.
Chembiochem 11:077–1082
Natalio F, Link T, M€ uller WEG, Schr€ oder HC, Cui FZ, Wang XH, Wiens M (2010) Bioengineering
of the silica-polymerizing enzyme silicatein-a for a targeted application to hydroxyapatite. Acta
Biomater 6:3720–3728
Nielsen FH (2008) A novel silicon complex is as effective as sodium metasilicate in enhancing the
collagen-induced inflammatory response of silicon-deprived rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol
22:39–49
Oddie GW, Schenk G, Angel NZ, Walsh N, Guddat LW, de Jersey J, Cassady AI, Hamilton SE,
Hume DA (2000) Structure, function, and regulation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase.
Bone 27:575–584
Patlak M (2001) Bone builders: the discoveries behind preventing and treating osteoporosis.
FASEB J 15:1677E–E
Perry CC (2003) Silicification: the processes by which organisms capture and mineralize silica.
Rev Mineral Geochem 54:291–327
Perry CC, Keeling-Tucker T (2000) Biosilification: the role of the organic matrix in structure
control. J Biol Inorg Chem 5:537–550
Perry CC, Belton D, Shafran K (2003) Studies of biosilicas: structural aspects, chemical
principles, model studies and the future. In: M€ uller WEG (ed) Silicon biomineralization:
Biology – Biochemistry – Molecular biology – Biotechnology. Prog Mol Subcell Biol
33:269–299
Postiglione L, DiDomenico G, Montagnani S, Di Spigna G, Salzano S, Castaldo C, Ramaglia L,
Sbordone L, Rossi G (2003) Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)
induces the osteoblastic differentiation of the human osteosarcoma cell line SaOS-2. Calcif
Tissue Int 72:85–97
Raisz LG (2005) Pathogenesis of osteoporosis: concepts, conflicts, and prospects. J Clin Invest
115:3318–3325
Reffitt DM, Jugdoahsingh R, Thompson RPH, Powell JJ (1999) Silicic acid: its gastrointestinal
uptake and urinary excretion in man and effects on aluminium excretion. J Inorg Biochem
76:141–147
Reffitt DM, Ogston N, Jugdaohsingh R, Cheung HF, Evans BA, Thompson RP, Powell JJ,
Hampson GN (2003) Orthosilicic acid stimulates collagen type I synthesis and osteoblastic
differentiation in human osteoblast-like cells in vitro. Bone 32:127–135
Reginster JY, Burlet N (2006) Osteoporosis: a still increasing prevalence. Bone 38(2 Suppl 1):
S4–S9
Reid IR (2008) Anti-resorptive therapies for osteoporosis. Stem Cell Dev Biol 19:473–478
10 Biosilica-Based Strategies for Treatment of Osteoporosis and Other Bone Diseases
309
by the deep sea sponge Monorhaphis. Chem Mater 20:4703–4711
M€ uller WEG, Schloßmacher U, Wang XH, Boreiko A, Brandt D, Wolf SE, Tremel W,
Schr€ oder HC (2008b) Poly(silicate)-metabolizing silicatein in siliceous spicules and
silicasomes of demosponges comprises dual enzymatic activities (silica-polymerase and
silica-esterase). FEBS J 275:362–370
M€ uller WEG, Wang X, Kropf K, Boreiko A, Schloßmacher U, Brandt D, Schr€ oder HC, Wiens M
(2008c) Silicatein expression in the hexactinellid Crateromorpha meyeri: the lead marker gene
restricted to siliceous sponges. Cell Tissue Res 333:339–351
M€ uller WEG, Wang X, Burghard Z, Bill J, Krasko A, Boreiko A, Schloßmacher U, Schr€ oder HC,
Wiens M (2009a) Bio-sintering processes in hexactinellid sponges: fusion of biosilica in giant
basal spicules from Monorhaphis chuni. J Struct Biol 168:548–561
M€ uller WE, Wang X, Cui FZ, Jochum KP, Tremel W, Bill J, Schr€ oder HC, Natalio F,
Schlossmacher U, Wiens M (2009b) Sponge spicules as blueprints for the Biofabrication of
inorganic-organic composites and biomaterials. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 83:397–413
M€ uller WEG, Wang X, Sinha B, Wiens M, Schr€ oder HC, Jochum KP (2010) NanoSIMS: Insights
into the organization of the proteinaceous scaffold within hexactinellid sponge spicules.
Chembiochem 11:077–1082
Natalio F, Link T, M€ uller WEG, Schr€ oder HC, Cui FZ, Wang XH, Wiens M (2010) Bioengineering
of the silica-polymerizing enzyme silicatein-a for a targeted application to hydroxyapatite. Acta
Biomater 6:3720–3728
Nielsen FH (2008) A novel silicon complex is as effective as sodium metasilicate in enhancing the
collagen-induced inflammatory response of silicon-deprived rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol
22:39–49
Oddie GW, Schenk G, Angel NZ, Walsh N, Guddat LW, de Jersey J, Cassady AI, Hamilton SE,
Hume DA (2000) Structure, function, and regulation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase.
Bone 27:575–584
Patlak M (2001) Bone builders: the discoveries behind preventing and treating osteoporosis.
FASEB J 15:1677E–E
Perry CC (2003) Silicification: the processes by which organisms capture and mineralize silica.
Rev Mineral Geochem 54:291–327
Perry CC, Keeling-Tucker T (2000) Biosilification: the role of the organic matrix in structure
control. J Biol Inorg Chem 5:537–550
Perry CC, Belton D, Shafran K (2003) Studies of biosilicas: structural aspects, chemical
principles, model studies and the future. In: M€ uller WEG (ed) Silicon biomineralization:
Biology – Biochemistry – Molecular biology – Biotechnology. Prog Mol Subcell Biol
33:269–299
Postiglione L, DiDomenico G, Montagnani S, Di Spigna G, Salzano S, Castaldo C, Ramaglia L,
Sbordone L, Rossi G (2003) Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)
induces the osteoblastic differentiation of the human osteosarcoma cell line SaOS-2. Calcif
Tissue Int 72:85–97
Raisz LG (2005) Pathogenesis of osteoporosis: concepts, conflicts, and prospects. J Clin Invest
115:3318–3325
Reffitt DM, Jugdoahsingh R, Thompson RPH, Powell JJ (1999) Silicic acid: its gastrointestinal
uptake and urinary excretion in man and effects on aluminium excretion. J Inorg Biochem
76:141–147
Reffitt DM, Ogston N, Jugdaohsingh R, Cheung HF, Evans BA, Thompson RP, Powell JJ,
Hampson GN (2003) Orthosilicic acid stimulates collagen type I synthesis and osteoblastic
differentiation in human osteoblast-like cells in vitro. Bone 32:127–135
Reginster JY, Burlet N (2006) Osteoporosis: a still increasing prevalence. Bone 38(2 Suppl 1):
S4–S9
Reid IR (2008) Anti-resorptive therapies for osteoporosis. Stem Cell Dev Biol 19:473–478
10 Biosilica-Based Strategies for Treatment of Osteoporosis and Other Bone Diseases
309