to the ruffled border area during the activation of matrix-resorbing clasts. J Bone Miner Metab
23:441–449
Hott M, de Pollak C, Modrowski DMPJ (1993) Short-term effects of organic silicon on trabecular
bone in mature ovariectomized rats. Calcif Tissue Int 53:174–179
Iler RK (1979) Solubility, polymerisation, colloid and surface properties, and biochemistry.
Wiley, New York
Jin H, Heller DA, Sharma R, Strano MS (2009) Size-dependent cellular uptake and expulsion
of single-walled carbon nanotubes: single particle tracking and a generic uptake model for
nanoparticles. Nano 3:149–158
Jugdaohsingh R (2007) Silicon and bone health. J Nutr Health Aging 11:99–110
Jugdaohsingh R, Reffitt DM, Oldham C, Day JP, Fifield LK, Thompson RPH, Powell JJ (2000)
Oligomeric but not monomeric silica prevents aluminum absorption in humans. Am J Clin Nutr
71:944–949
Jugdaohsingh R, Anderson SH, Tucker KL, Elliott H, Kiel DP, Thompson RPH, Powell JJ (2002)
Dietary silicon intake and absorption. Am J Clin Nutr 75:887–893
Jugdaohsingh R, Tucker KL, Qiao N, Cupples LA, Kiel DP, Powell JJ (2004) Silicon intake is
a major dietary determinant of bone mineral density in men and pre-menopausal women of the
Framingham offspring cohort. J Bone Miner Res 19:297–307
Kaandorp JA, Blom JG, Verhoef J, Filatov M, Postma M, M€ uller WEG (2008) Modelling genetic
regulation of growth and form in a branching sponge. Proc Biol Sci 275:2569–2575
Kaluzhnaya OV, Belikov SI, Schr€ oder HC, Wiens M, Giovine M, Krasko A, M€ uller IM,
M€ uller WEG (2005) Dynamics of skeleton formation in the Lake Baikal sponge Lubomirskia
baicalensis Part II. Molecular biological studies. Naturwissenschaften 92:134–138
Kanamaru F, Iwai H, Ikeda T, Nakajima A, Ishikawa I, Azuma M (2004) Expression of
membrane-bound and soluble receptor activator of NF-kappa B ligand (RANKL) in human
T cells. Immunol Lett 94:239–246
Katz JM, Nataraj C, Jaw R, Deigl E, Bursac P (2008) Demineralized bone matrix as an
osteoinductive biomaterial and in vitro predictors of its biological potential. J Biomed Mater
Res 89B:127–134
Kelly SE, Di Benedetto A, Greco A, Howard CM, Sollars VE, Primerano DA, Valluri JV,
Claudio PP (2010) Rapid selection and proliferation of CD133(+) cells from cancer cell lines:
chemotherapeutic implications. PLoS ONE 5:e10035. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010035
Keeting PE, Oursler MJ, Wiegand KE, Bonde SK, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL (1992) Zeolite-A
increases proliferation, differentiation, and transforming growth-factor-b production in normal
adult human osteoblast-like cells-in vitro. J Bone Miner Res 7:1281–1289
Khosla S (2001) Minireview: the OPG/RANKL/RANK system. Endocrinology 142:5050–5055
Khosla S, Amin S, Orwoll E (2008a) Osteoporosis in men. Endocr Rev 29:441–464
Khosla S, Westendorf JJ, Oursler MJ (2008b) Building bone to reverse osteoporosis and repair
fractures. J Clin Invest 118:421–428
Kim M-H, Bae Y-J, Choi M-K, Chung Y-S (2009) Silicon supplementation improves the bone
mineral density of calcium-deficient ovariectomized rats by reducing bone resorption. Biol
Trace Elem Res 128:239–247
Krasko A, Batel R, Schr€ oder HC, M€ uller IM, M€ uller WEG (2000) Expression of silicatein and
collagen genes in the marine sponge Suberites domuncula is controlled by silicate and
myotrophin. Eur J Biochem 267:4878–4887
Lane NE, Yao W (2009) Developments in the scientific understanding of osteoporosis. Arthritis
Res Ther 11:228
Leibbrandt A, Penninger JM (2008) RANK/RANKL: regulators of immune responses and bone
physiology. Ann NY Acad Sci 1143:123–150
Le Pennec G, Perovic S, Ammar SMA, Grebenjuk VA, Steffen R, Br€ ummer F, M€ uller WEG
(2003) Cultivation of primmorphs from the marine sponge Suberites domuncula: morphogenetic potential of silicon and iron. A review J Biotechnol 100:93–108
10 Biosilica-Based Strategies for Treatment of Osteoporosis and Other Bone Diseases
307
23:441–449
Hott M, de Pollak C, Modrowski DMPJ (1993) Short-term effects of organic silicon on trabecular
bone in mature ovariectomized rats. Calcif Tissue Int 53:174–179
Iler RK (1979) Solubility, polymerisation, colloid and surface properties, and biochemistry.
Wiley, New York
Jin H, Heller DA, Sharma R, Strano MS (2009) Size-dependent cellular uptake and expulsion
of single-walled carbon nanotubes: single particle tracking and a generic uptake model for
nanoparticles. Nano 3:149–158
Jugdaohsingh R (2007) Silicon and bone health. J Nutr Health Aging 11:99–110
Jugdaohsingh R, Reffitt DM, Oldham C, Day JP, Fifield LK, Thompson RPH, Powell JJ (2000)
Oligomeric but not monomeric silica prevents aluminum absorption in humans. Am J Clin Nutr
71:944–949
Jugdaohsingh R, Anderson SH, Tucker KL, Elliott H, Kiel DP, Thompson RPH, Powell JJ (2002)
Dietary silicon intake and absorption. Am J Clin Nutr 75:887–893
Jugdaohsingh R, Tucker KL, Qiao N, Cupples LA, Kiel DP, Powell JJ (2004) Silicon intake is
a major dietary determinant of bone mineral density in men and pre-menopausal women of the
Framingham offspring cohort. J Bone Miner Res 19:297–307
Kaandorp JA, Blom JG, Verhoef J, Filatov M, Postma M, M€ uller WEG (2008) Modelling genetic
regulation of growth and form in a branching sponge. Proc Biol Sci 275:2569–2575
Kaluzhnaya OV, Belikov SI, Schr€ oder HC, Wiens M, Giovine M, Krasko A, M€ uller IM,
M€ uller WEG (2005) Dynamics of skeleton formation in the Lake Baikal sponge Lubomirskia
baicalensis Part II. Molecular biological studies. Naturwissenschaften 92:134–138
Kanamaru F, Iwai H, Ikeda T, Nakajima A, Ishikawa I, Azuma M (2004) Expression of
membrane-bound and soluble receptor activator of NF-kappa B ligand (RANKL) in human
T cells. Immunol Lett 94:239–246
Katz JM, Nataraj C, Jaw R, Deigl E, Bursac P (2008) Demineralized bone matrix as an
osteoinductive biomaterial and in vitro predictors of its biological potential. J Biomed Mater
Res 89B:127–134
Kelly SE, Di Benedetto A, Greco A, Howard CM, Sollars VE, Primerano DA, Valluri JV,
Claudio PP (2010) Rapid selection and proliferation of CD133(+) cells from cancer cell lines:
chemotherapeutic implications. PLoS ONE 5:e10035. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010035
Keeting PE, Oursler MJ, Wiegand KE, Bonde SK, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL (1992) Zeolite-A
increases proliferation, differentiation, and transforming growth-factor-b production in normal
adult human osteoblast-like cells-in vitro. J Bone Miner Res 7:1281–1289
Khosla S (2001) Minireview: the OPG/RANKL/RANK system. Endocrinology 142:5050–5055
Khosla S, Amin S, Orwoll E (2008a) Osteoporosis in men. Endocr Rev 29:441–464
Khosla S, Westendorf JJ, Oursler MJ (2008b) Building bone to reverse osteoporosis and repair
fractures. J Clin Invest 118:421–428
Kim M-H, Bae Y-J, Choi M-K, Chung Y-S (2009) Silicon supplementation improves the bone
mineral density of calcium-deficient ovariectomized rats by reducing bone resorption. Biol
Trace Elem Res 128:239–247
Krasko A, Batel R, Schr€ oder HC, M€ uller IM, M€ uller WEG (2000) Expression of silicatein and
collagen genes in the marine sponge Suberites domuncula is controlled by silicate and
myotrophin. Eur J Biochem 267:4878–4887
Lane NE, Yao W (2009) Developments in the scientific understanding of osteoporosis. Arthritis
Res Ther 11:228
Leibbrandt A, Penninger JM (2008) RANK/RANKL: regulators of immune responses and bone
physiology. Ann NY Acad Sci 1143:123–150
Le Pennec G, Perovic S, Ammar SMA, Grebenjuk VA, Steffen R, Br€ ummer F, M€ uller WEG
(2003) Cultivation of primmorphs from the marine sponge Suberites domuncula: morphogenetic potential of silicon and iron. A review J Biotechnol 100:93–108
10 Biosilica-Based Strategies for Treatment of Osteoporosis and Other Bone Diseases
307