Simkiss K, Wilbur KM (1989) Biomineralization. Academic Press, San Diego
Smith MM, Smith LC, Cameron RA, Urry L (2008) A larval staging scheme for Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. J Morphol 269:713–733
Veis A (2008) Crystals and life: an introduction. In: Sigel A, Sigel H, Sigel RKO (eds) Biomineralization. From nature to application, vol. 4 of metal ions in life sciences. John Wiley and Sons,
Ltd, Chichester, pp 2–35
Wang RZ (1998) Fracture toughness and interfacial design of a biological fiber-matrix ceramic
composite in sea urchin teeth. J Am Ceram Soc 81:1037–1040
Wang RZ, Addadi L, Weiner S (1997) Design strategies of sea urchin teeth: structure, composition
and micromechanical relations to function. Phil Trans R Soc Lond B 352:469–480
Weiss I, Tuross N, Addadi L, Weiner S (2002) Mollusc larval shell formation: amorphous calcium
carbonate is a precursor for aragonite. J Exp Zool A 293:478–491
Wilt FH (1999) Matrix and mineral in the sea urchin larval skeleton. J Struct Biol 126:216–226
Wilt FH (2002) Biomineralization of the spicules of sea urchin embryos. Zool Sci 19:253–261
Wilt FH, Ettensohn CE (2007) Morphogenesis and biomineralization of the sea urchin larval endoskeleton. In: Baeuerlein E (ed) Handbook of biomineralization. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, pp 183–210
Wilt FH, Killian CE (2008) What genes and genomes tell us about calcium carbonate biomineralization. In: Sigel A, Sigel H, Sigel RKO (eds) Biomineralization. From nature to application,
vol. 4 of metal ions in life sciences. John Wiley and Sons, Ltd, Chichester, pp 36–69
Wilt FH, Killian CE, Livingstson B (2003) Development of calcareous skeletal elements in
invertebrates. Differentiation 71:237–250
Wilt FH, Killian CE, Hamilton P, Croker L (2008a) The dynamics of secretion during sea urchin
embryonic skeleton formation. Exp Cell Res 314:1744–1752
Wilt FH, Croker L, Killian CE, McDonald K (2008b) Role of LSM34/SpSM50 proteins in
endoskeletal spicule formation in sea urchin embryos. Invert Biol 127:452–459
Yajima M (2007) A switch in the cellular basis of skeletogenesis in late-stage sea urchin larvae.
Dev Biol 307:272–281
Yajima M, Kiyomoto M (2006) Study of larval and adult skeletogenic cells in developing sea
urchin larvae. Biol Bull 211:183–192
Yang L, Killian CE, Kunz M, Tamura N, Gilbert PUPA (2011) Biomineral nanoparticles are
space-filling. RSC-Nanoscale 3:603–609
Zhu X, Mahairas G, Illies M, Cameron RA, Davidson EH, Ettensohn CA (2001) A large scale
analysis of the mRNAs expressed by primary mesenchyme cells of the sea urchin embryo.
Development 128:2615–2627
7 Molecular Aspects of Biomineralization of the Echinoderm Endoskeleton
223
Smith MM, Smith LC, Cameron RA, Urry L (2008) A larval staging scheme for Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. J Morphol 269:713–733
Veis A (2008) Crystals and life: an introduction. In: Sigel A, Sigel H, Sigel RKO (eds) Biomineralization. From nature to application, vol. 4 of metal ions in life sciences. John Wiley and Sons,
Ltd, Chichester, pp 2–35
Wang RZ (1998) Fracture toughness and interfacial design of a biological fiber-matrix ceramic
composite in sea urchin teeth. J Am Ceram Soc 81:1037–1040
Wang RZ, Addadi L, Weiner S (1997) Design strategies of sea urchin teeth: structure, composition
and micromechanical relations to function. Phil Trans R Soc Lond B 352:469–480
Weiss I, Tuross N, Addadi L, Weiner S (2002) Mollusc larval shell formation: amorphous calcium
carbonate is a precursor for aragonite. J Exp Zool A 293:478–491
Wilt FH (1999) Matrix and mineral in the sea urchin larval skeleton. J Struct Biol 126:216–226
Wilt FH (2002) Biomineralization of the spicules of sea urchin embryos. Zool Sci 19:253–261
Wilt FH, Ettensohn CE (2007) Morphogenesis and biomineralization of the sea urchin larval endoskeleton. In: Baeuerlein E (ed) Handbook of biomineralization. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, pp 183–210
Wilt FH, Killian CE (2008) What genes and genomes tell us about calcium carbonate biomineralization. In: Sigel A, Sigel H, Sigel RKO (eds) Biomineralization. From nature to application,
vol. 4 of metal ions in life sciences. John Wiley and Sons, Ltd, Chichester, pp 36–69
Wilt FH, Killian CE, Livingstson B (2003) Development of calcareous skeletal elements in
invertebrates. Differentiation 71:237–250
Wilt FH, Killian CE, Hamilton P, Croker L (2008a) The dynamics of secretion during sea urchin
embryonic skeleton formation. Exp Cell Res 314:1744–1752
Wilt FH, Croker L, Killian CE, McDonald K (2008b) Role of LSM34/SpSM50 proteins in
endoskeletal spicule formation in sea urchin embryos. Invert Biol 127:452–459
Yajima M (2007) A switch in the cellular basis of skeletogenesis in late-stage sea urchin larvae.
Dev Biol 307:272–281
Yajima M, Kiyomoto M (2006) Study of larval and adult skeletogenic cells in developing sea
urchin larvae. Biol Bull 211:183–192
Yang L, Killian CE, Kunz M, Tamura N, Gilbert PUPA (2011) Biomineral nanoparticles are
space-filling. RSC-Nanoscale 3:603–609
Zhu X, Mahairas G, Illies M, Cameron RA, Davidson EH, Ettensohn CA (2001) A large scale
analysis of the mRNAs expressed by primary mesenchyme cells of the sea urchin embryo.
Development 128:2615–2627
7 Molecular Aspects of Biomineralization of the Echinoderm Endoskeleton
223