Benson NC, Benson SC, Wilt F (1989) Immunogold detection of glycoprotein antigens in sea
urchin embryos. Am J Anat 185:177–182
Benson S, Smith L, Wilt F, Shaw R (1990) Synthesis and secretion of collagen by cultured sea
urchin micromeres. Exp Cell Res 188:141–146
Berman A, Addadi L, Weiner S (1988) Interactions of sea-urchin skeleton macromolecules with
growing calcite crystals-a study of intracrystalline proteins. Nature 331:546–548
Berman A, Hanson J, Leiserowitz L, Koetzle TF, Weiner S, Addadi L (1993) Biological control of
crystal texture: a widespread strategy for adapting crystal properties to function. Science
259:776–779
Brusca RC, Brusca GJ (1990) Invertebrates. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA
Cheers MS, Ettensohn CA (2005) P16 is an essential regulator of skeletogenesis in the sea urchin
embryo. Dev Biol 283:384–396
C€ olfen H, Antonietti M (2008) Mesocrystals and nonclassical crystallization. John Wiley & Sons,
Chichester, UK
Decker GL, Lennarz WJ (1988) Skeletogenesis in the sea urchin embryo. Development
103:231–247
Dibernardo M, Castagnetti S, Bellomonte D, Oliveri P, Melfi R, Palla F, Spinelli G (1999)
Spatially restricted expression of Pl OTP of P. lividus orthopedia related homeobox gene, is
correlated with oral ectoderm patterning and skeletal morphogenesis in late cleavage sea
urchin embryos. Development 126:2171–2179
DuBois P, Ameye L (2001) Regeneration of spines and pedicellariae in Echinoderms: a review.
Micros Res Tech 55:427–437
Duloquin L, Lhomond G, Gache C (2007) Localized VEGF signaling from the ectoderm to
mesenchyme cell controls morphogenesis of the sea urchin embryo skeleton. Development
134:2293–2302
Ettensohn CE, Malinda KM (1993) Size regulation and morphogenesis: a cellular analysis of
skeletogenesis in the sea urchin embryo. Development 119:155–167
Evans JS (2008) “Tuning in” to mollusk shell nacre- and prismatic-associated protein terminal
sequences: Implications for biomineralization and the construction of high performance
inorganic-organic composites. Chem Rev 108:4455–4462
George NC, Killian CE, Wilt FH (1991) Characterization and expression of a gene encoding a 30.6
kD Strongylocentrotus purpuratus spicule matrix protein. Dev Biol 147:334–342
Goodwin AL, Michel FM, Phillips BL, Keen DA, Dove MT, Reeder RJ (2010) Nanoporous
Structure and Medium-Range Order in Synthetic Amorphous Calcium Carbonate. Chemistry
of Materials 22:3197–3205
Guss KA, Ettensohn CA (1997) Skeletal morphogenesis in the sea urchin embryo: regulation of
primary mesenchyme gene expression and skeletal rod growth by ectoderm-derived cues.
Development 124:1899–1908
Gustafson T, Wolpert LM (1967) Cellular movement and contact in sea urchin morphogenesis.
Biol Rev 42:441–498
Heatfield BM, Travis DF (1975) Ultrastructural studies of regenerating spines of the sea urchin
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus I. Cell types without spherules. J Morphol 145:3–50
Holland ND (1965) An autoradiographic investigation of tooth renewal in purple sea urchin
(Strongylocentrotus purpuratus). J Exp Zool 158:275–282
Huggins L, Lennarz WJ (2001) Inhibition of procollagen C-terminal proteinase blocks gastrulation
and spicule elongation in the sea urchin embryo. Dev Growth Differ 43:415–424
Hyman LH (1955) The invertebrates: echinodermata. McGraw-Hill, New York
Ingersoll EP, Wilt FH (1998) Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors disrupt spicule formation by
primary mesenchyme cells in the sea urchin embryo. Dev Biol 196:95–106
Ingersoll E, Wilt F, MacDonald K (2003) The ultrastructural localization of SM30 and SM50 in
the developing sea urchin embryo. J Exp Zool 300:101–112
Killian CE, Wilt FH (1996) Characterization of the proteins comprising the integral marix of
embryonic spicules of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. J Biol Chem 271:9150–9155
220
P.U.P.A Gilbert and F.H. Wilt
urchin embryos. Am J Anat 185:177–182
Benson S, Smith L, Wilt F, Shaw R (1990) Synthesis and secretion of collagen by cultured sea
urchin micromeres. Exp Cell Res 188:141–146
Berman A, Addadi L, Weiner S (1988) Interactions of sea-urchin skeleton macromolecules with
growing calcite crystals-a study of intracrystalline proteins. Nature 331:546–548
Berman A, Hanson J, Leiserowitz L, Koetzle TF, Weiner S, Addadi L (1993) Biological control of
crystal texture: a widespread strategy for adapting crystal properties to function. Science
259:776–779
Brusca RC, Brusca GJ (1990) Invertebrates. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA
Cheers MS, Ettensohn CA (2005) P16 is an essential regulator of skeletogenesis in the sea urchin
embryo. Dev Biol 283:384–396
C€ olfen H, Antonietti M (2008) Mesocrystals and nonclassical crystallization. John Wiley & Sons,
Chichester, UK
Decker GL, Lennarz WJ (1988) Skeletogenesis in the sea urchin embryo. Development
103:231–247
Dibernardo M, Castagnetti S, Bellomonte D, Oliveri P, Melfi R, Palla F, Spinelli G (1999)
Spatially restricted expression of Pl OTP of P. lividus orthopedia related homeobox gene, is
correlated with oral ectoderm patterning and skeletal morphogenesis in late cleavage sea
urchin embryos. Development 126:2171–2179
DuBois P, Ameye L (2001) Regeneration of spines and pedicellariae in Echinoderms: a review.
Micros Res Tech 55:427–437
Duloquin L, Lhomond G, Gache C (2007) Localized VEGF signaling from the ectoderm to
mesenchyme cell controls morphogenesis of the sea urchin embryo skeleton. Development
134:2293–2302
Ettensohn CE, Malinda KM (1993) Size regulation and morphogenesis: a cellular analysis of
skeletogenesis in the sea urchin embryo. Development 119:155–167
Evans JS (2008) “Tuning in” to mollusk shell nacre- and prismatic-associated protein terminal
sequences: Implications for biomineralization and the construction of high performance
inorganic-organic composites. Chem Rev 108:4455–4462
George NC, Killian CE, Wilt FH (1991) Characterization and expression of a gene encoding a 30.6
kD Strongylocentrotus purpuratus spicule matrix protein. Dev Biol 147:334–342
Goodwin AL, Michel FM, Phillips BL, Keen DA, Dove MT, Reeder RJ (2010) Nanoporous
Structure and Medium-Range Order in Synthetic Amorphous Calcium Carbonate. Chemistry
of Materials 22:3197–3205
Guss KA, Ettensohn CA (1997) Skeletal morphogenesis in the sea urchin embryo: regulation of
primary mesenchyme gene expression and skeletal rod growth by ectoderm-derived cues.
Development 124:1899–1908
Gustafson T, Wolpert LM (1967) Cellular movement and contact in sea urchin morphogenesis.
Biol Rev 42:441–498
Heatfield BM, Travis DF (1975) Ultrastructural studies of regenerating spines of the sea urchin
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus I. Cell types without spherules. J Morphol 145:3–50
Holland ND (1965) An autoradiographic investigation of tooth renewal in purple sea urchin
(Strongylocentrotus purpuratus). J Exp Zool 158:275–282
Huggins L, Lennarz WJ (2001) Inhibition of procollagen C-terminal proteinase blocks gastrulation
and spicule elongation in the sea urchin embryo. Dev Growth Differ 43:415–424
Hyman LH (1955) The invertebrates: echinodermata. McGraw-Hill, New York
Ingersoll EP, Wilt FH (1998) Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors disrupt spicule formation by
primary mesenchyme cells in the sea urchin embryo. Dev Biol 196:95–106
Ingersoll E, Wilt F, MacDonald K (2003) The ultrastructural localization of SM30 and SM50 in
the developing sea urchin embryo. J Exp Zool 300:101–112
Killian CE, Wilt FH (1996) Characterization of the proteins comprising the integral marix of
embryonic spicules of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. J Biol Chem 271:9150–9155
220
P.U.P.A Gilbert and F.H. Wilt