Contents
IX
6.2 Communities Structure, Abundance, Distribution ..... 221
6.3 Feeding of Reef Fish .............................. 229
6.3.1 Herbivorous Reef Fish ............................. 232
6.3.2 Planktnovorous Fish .............................. 234
6.3.3 Benthovore and Piscivore Fish ...................... 236
6.4 Aspects of Behaviour .............................. 238
6.5 Propagation of Reef Fish .......................... 245
6.6 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 249
7
Communities of Corals in Reef Ecosystems .......... 250
7.1 Coral Communities: Composition and Formation ..... 251
7.1.1 Scleractinian Corals ............................... 251
7.1.2 Zoantharians and Octocorals ....................... 257
7.2 Communities Structure of Reef Corals ............... 259
7.2.1 General Considerations ............................ 259
7.2.2 Communities of Scleractinian Corals ................ 266
7.2.3 Zoantharians and Octocorals in Coral Communities ... 275
7.3 Factors Controlling Coral Community Structure ...... 280
7.4 Reproduction of Corals ............................ 285
8
Morphology and Ecological Physiology of Corals ..... 296
8.1 Features of Ecological Morphology .................. 296
8.2 Biomass of Living Tissues ......................... 299
8.3 Ecological and Physiological Aspects of Endosymbiosis 303
8.4 Ecological Physiology of Photosynthesis in Corals .... 313
8.5 Ecological Biochemistry of Corals .................. 321
9
Nutrition of Corals ............................... 326
9.1 Autotrophic Feeding of Corals ...................... 326
9.2 Heterotrophic Feeding of Corals .................... 337
9.2.1 Feeding of Scleractinian Corals ..................... 340
9.2.2 Feeding of Zoantharia, Antipatharia, Ceriantharia
and Octocorals ................................... 356
9.3 Energy Balance and Specific Growth Rate of Corals ... 365