The carbon sources of autotrophic metabolism comprise carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO),
and carbon disulfide (CS 2 ). A majority of autotrophic
organisms rely on CO 2 to cover their demand of cellular
carbon. Examples include plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria, as well as a broad variety of chemotrophic
microorganisms. CO-dependent autotrophs are metabolically, ecologically, and phylogenetically diverse (King
and Weber, 2007). They convert CO to CO 2 and
sometimes methane (CH 4 ) or acetate (Sokolova et al.,
2009; Techtmann et al., 2009). Comparatively few bacteria are known to use CS 2 in their autotrophic metabolism
(Cox et al., 2013).
Bibliography
Cox, S. F., McKinley, J. D., Ferguson, A. S., O’Sullivan, G.,
and Kalin, R. M., 2013. Degradation of carbon disulphide
(CS 2 ) in soils and groundwater from a CS 2 -contaminated site.
Environmental Earth Sciences, 68, 1935–1944.
King, G. M., and Weber, C. F., 2007. Distribution, diversity and
ecology of aerobic CO- oxidizing bacteria. Nature Reviews
Microbiology, 5, 107–118.
Okafar, N., 2011. Environmental Microbiology of Aquatic and
Waste Systems. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
Sokolova, T. G., Henstra, A.-M., Sipma, J., Parshina, S. N., Stams,
A. J. M., and Lebedinsky, A. V., 2009. Diversity and ecophysiological features of thermophilic carboxydotrophic anaerobes.
FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 68, 131–141.
Techtmann, S. M., Colman, A. S., and Robb, F. T., 2009. ‘That
which does not kill us only makes us stronger’: the role of carbon
monoxide in thermophilic microbial consortia. Environmental
Microbiology, 11, 1027–1037.
Cross-references
Heterotrophic
Macroalgae
Microphytobenthos
Phytoplankton
42
AUTOTROPHIC
and carbon disulfide (CS 2 ). A majority of autotrophic
organisms rely on CO 2 to cover their demand of cellular
carbon. Examples include plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria, as well as a broad variety of chemotrophic
microorganisms. CO-dependent autotrophs are metabolically, ecologically, and phylogenetically diverse (King
and Weber, 2007). They convert CO to CO 2 and
sometimes methane (CH 4 ) or acetate (Sokolova et al.,
2009; Techtmann et al., 2009). Comparatively few bacteria are known to use CS 2 in their autotrophic metabolism
(Cox et al., 2013).
Bibliography
Cox, S. F., McKinley, J. D., Ferguson, A. S., O’Sullivan, G.,
and Kalin, R. M., 2013. Degradation of carbon disulphide
(CS 2 ) in soils and groundwater from a CS 2 -contaminated site.
Environmental Earth Sciences, 68, 1935–1944.
King, G. M., and Weber, C. F., 2007. Distribution, diversity and
ecology of aerobic CO- oxidizing bacteria. Nature Reviews
Microbiology, 5, 107–118.
Okafar, N., 2011. Environmental Microbiology of Aquatic and
Waste Systems. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
Sokolova, T. G., Henstra, A.-M., Sipma, J., Parshina, S. N., Stams,
A. J. M., and Lebedinsky, A. V., 2009. Diversity and ecophysiological features of thermophilic carboxydotrophic anaerobes.
FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 68, 131–141.
Techtmann, S. M., Colman, A. S., and Robb, F. T., 2009. ‘That
which does not kill us only makes us stronger’: the role of carbon
monoxide in thermophilic microbial consortia. Environmental
Microbiology, 11, 1027–1037.
Cross-references
Heterotrophic
Macroalgae
Microphytobenthos
Phytoplankton
42
AUTOTROPHIC