Marine Mammal Science. Nature Geoscience, doi:10.1111/
j.1748-7692.2011.00480.x.
Bates, S. S., Douglas, D. J., Doucette, G. J., and Leger, C., 1995.
Enhancement of domoic acid production by reintroducing
bacteria to axenic cultures of the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia
multiseries. Natural Toxins, 3, 428–435.
Beman, J. M., Arrigo, K. R., and Matson, P. A., 2005. Agricultural
runoff fuels large phytoplankton blooms in vulnerable areas of
the ocean. Nature, 434, 211–214.
Bouwman, A. F., Pawlowski, M., Liu, C., Beusen, A. H. W.,
Shumway, S. E., Glibert, P. M., and Overbeek, C., 2011. Global
hindcasts and future projections of coastal nitrogen and
phosphorus loads due to shellfish and seaweed aquaculture.
Reviews in Fisheries Science, 19, 331–357.
Bouwman, A. F., Beusen, A. H. W., Overbeek, C. C., Bureau, D. P.,
Pawlowski, M., and Glibert, P. M., 2013. Hindcasts and future
projects of global inland and coastal nitrogen and phosphorus
loads due to finfish aquaculture. Reviews in Fisheries Science,
21, 112–156.
Burkholder, J. M., Glibert, P. M., and Skelton, H., 2008.
Mixotrophy, a major mode of nutrition for harmful algal species
in eutrophic waters. Harmful Algae, 8, 77–93.
Buskey, E. J., Liu, H., Collumb, C., and Bersano, J. G. F., 2001.
The decline and recovery of a persistent Texas brown tide
algal bloom in the Laguna Madre (Texas, USA). Estuaries,
24, 337–346.
Cloern, J. E., 2001. Our evolving conceptual model of the
coastal eutrophication problem. Marine Ecology Progress
Series, 210, 223–253.
Davis, T. L., Berry, D. L., Boyer, G. L., and Gobler, C. J., 2009. The
effects of temperature and nutrients on the growth and dynamics
of toxic and non-toxic strains of Microcystis during
cyanobacteria blooms. Harmful Algae, 8, 715–7125.
Diaz, R. J., and Rosenberg, R., 2008. Spreading dead zones and
consequences for marine ecosystems. Science, 321, 926–928.
Donaghay, P. L., 1988. The role of temporal scales of acclimation,
food quality and trophic dominance in controlling the evolution
of copepod feeding behaviour. Bulletin of Marine Science,
43, 469–485.
Edvardsen, B., and Imai, I., 2006. The ecology of harmful flagellates within Prymnesiophyceae and Raphidophyceae. In Granéli,
E., and Turner, J. (eds.), The Ecology of Harmful Algae.
New York: Springer-Verlag, pp. 67–80.
Edvardsen, B., and Paasche, E., 1998. Bloom dynamics and
physiology of Prymnesium and Chrysochromulina. In Anderson, D. M., Cembella, A. D., and Hallegraeff, G. M. (eds.),
Physiological Ecology of Harmful Algal Blooms. Berlin,
Germany: Springer-Verlag, pp. 193–208.
Flynn, K. J., Stoecker, D. K., Mitra, A., Raven, J. A., Glibert, P. M.,
Hansen, P. J., Granéli, E., and Burkholder, J. M., 2013. Misuse of
the phytoplankton-zooplankton dichotomy: the need to assign
organisms as mixotrophs within plankton functional types.
Journal of Plankton Research, 35, 3–11.
Franks, P. J. S., 1992. Sink or swim: accumulation of biomass at
fronts. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 82, 1–12.
Fuhrman, J. A., and Suttle, C. A., 1993. Viruses in marine planktonic systems. Oceanography, 6, 50–62.
Furuya, K., Glibert, P. M., Zhou, M., and Raine, R. (eds.), 2010.
GEOHAB Asia- Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful
Algal Blooms in Asia. Paris, France: IOC and SCOR.
Gao, Y., Cornwell, J. C., Stoecker, D. K., and Owens, M. S., 2012.
Effects of cyanobacterial-driven pH increases on sediment
nutrient fluxes and coupled nitrification-denitrification in
a shallow fresh water estuary. Biogeosciences, 9, 2697–2710.
Gentien, P., Reguera, B., Yamazaki, H., Fernand, L., Berdalet, E.,
and Raine, R. (eds.), 2008. GEOHAB Core Research Project:
HABs in Stratified Systems. Paris, France: IOC and SCOR.
Gisselson, L.-Å., Carlsson, P., Granéli, E., and Pallon, J., 2002.
Dinophysis blooms in the deep euphotic zone of the Baltic Sea:
do they grow in the dark? Harmful Algae, 1, 401–418.
Glibert, P. M., and Burkholder, J. M., 2006. The complex relationships between increasing fertilization of the earth, coastal
eutrophication, and HAB proliferation. In Granéli, E., and
Turner, J. (eds.), The Ecology of Harmful Algae. New York:
Springer-Verlag, pp. 341–354.
Glibert, P. M., and Burkholder, J. M., 2011. Eutrophication and
HABs: strategies for nutrient uptake and growth outside the
Redfield comfort zone. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and
Limnology, 29, 724–738.
Glibert, P. M., and Legrand, C., 2006. The diverse nutrient strategies
of HABs: focus on osmotrophy. In Granéli, E., and Turner,
J. (eds.), The Ecology of Harmful Algae. New York: SpringerVerlag, pp. 163–176.
Glibert, P., and Pitcher, G. (eds.), 2001. GEOHAB (Global Ecology
and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms Programme)
Science Plan. Baltimore, MA: SCOR and IOC.
Glibert, P. M., Magnien, R., Lomas, M. W., Alexander, J., Fan, C.,
Haramoto, E., Trice, T. M., and Kana, T. M., 2001. Harmful algal
blooms in the Chesapeake and Coastal Bays of Maryland, USA:
comparisons of 1997, 1998, and 1999 events. Estuaries,
24, 875–883.
Glibert, P. M., Anderson, D. A., Gentien, P., Granéli, E., and Sellner,
K. G., 2005a. The global, complex phenomena of harmful algal
blooms. Oceanography, 18(2), 136–147.
Glibert, P. M., Seitzinger, S., Heil, C. A., Burkholder, J. M., Parrow,
M. W., Codispoti, L. A., and Kelly, V., 2005b. The role of
eutrophication in the global proliferation of harmful algal
blooms: new perspectives and new approaches. Oceanography,
18, 198–209.
Glibert, P. M., Mayorga, E., and Seitzinger, S., 2008. Prorocentrum
minimum tracks anthropogenic nitrogen and phosphorus inputs
on a global basis: application of spatially explicit nutrient export
models. Harmful Algae, 8, 33–38.
Glibert, P. M., Allen, J. I., Bouwman, L., Brown, C., Flynn, K. J.,
Lewitus, A., and Madden, C., 2010. Modeling of HABs and
eutrophication: status, advances, challenges. Journal of Marine
Systems, 83, 262–275.
Glibert, P. M., Fullerton, D., Burkholder, J. M., Cornwell, J., and
Kana, T. M., 2011. Ecological stoichiometry, biogeochemical
cycling, invasive species and aquatic food webs: San Francisco
Estuary and comparative systems. Reviews in Fisheries Science,
19, 358–417.
Glibert, P. M., Burkholder, J. M., and Kana, T. M., 2012. Recent
advances in understanding of relationships between nutrient
availability, forms and stoichiometry and the biogeographical
distribution, ecophysiology, and food web effects of pelagic
and benthic Prorocentrum spp. Harmful Algae, 14, 231–259.
Gobler, C. J., and Sañudo-Wilhelmy, S. A., 2001. Temporal variability of groundwater seepage and brown tide blooms in
a Long Island embayment. Marine Ecology Progress Series,
217, 299–309.
Granéli, E., and Flynn, K., 2006. Chemical and physical factors
influencing toxin content. In Granéli, E., and Turner, J. (eds.),
The Ecology of Harmful Algae. New York: Springer-Verlag,
pp. 229–241.
Granéli, E., and Johansson, N., 2003. Increase in the production
of allelopathic substances by Prymnesium parvum cells
grown under N- or P-deficient conditions. Harmful Algae,
2, 135–145.
Granéli, E., Edler, L., Gedziorowska, D., and Nyman, U., 1985.
Influence of humic and fulvic acids on Prorocentrum minimum
(Pav.) Schiller. In Anderson, D. M., White, A. W., and Baden,
D. G. (eds.), Toxic Dinoflagellates. New York: Elsevier,
pp. 201–206.
ALGAL BLOOMS
15
j.1748-7692.2011.00480.x.
Bates, S. S., Douglas, D. J., Doucette, G. J., and Leger, C., 1995.
Enhancement of domoic acid production by reintroducing
bacteria to axenic cultures of the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia
multiseries. Natural Toxins, 3, 428–435.
Beman, J. M., Arrigo, K. R., and Matson, P. A., 2005. Agricultural
runoff fuels large phytoplankton blooms in vulnerable areas of
the ocean. Nature, 434, 211–214.
Bouwman, A. F., Pawlowski, M., Liu, C., Beusen, A. H. W.,
Shumway, S. E., Glibert, P. M., and Overbeek, C., 2011. Global
hindcasts and future projections of coastal nitrogen and
phosphorus loads due to shellfish and seaweed aquaculture.
Reviews in Fisheries Science, 19, 331–357.
Bouwman, A. F., Beusen, A. H. W., Overbeek, C. C., Bureau, D. P.,
Pawlowski, M., and Glibert, P. M., 2013. Hindcasts and future
projects of global inland and coastal nitrogen and phosphorus
loads due to finfish aquaculture. Reviews in Fisheries Science,
21, 112–156.
Burkholder, J. M., Glibert, P. M., and Skelton, H., 2008.
Mixotrophy, a major mode of nutrition for harmful algal species
in eutrophic waters. Harmful Algae, 8, 77–93.
Buskey, E. J., Liu, H., Collumb, C., and Bersano, J. G. F., 2001.
The decline and recovery of a persistent Texas brown tide
algal bloom in the Laguna Madre (Texas, USA). Estuaries,
24, 337–346.
Cloern, J. E., 2001. Our evolving conceptual model of the
coastal eutrophication problem. Marine Ecology Progress
Series, 210, 223–253.
Davis, T. L., Berry, D. L., Boyer, G. L., and Gobler, C. J., 2009. The
effects of temperature and nutrients on the growth and dynamics
of toxic and non-toxic strains of Microcystis during
cyanobacteria blooms. Harmful Algae, 8, 715–7125.
Diaz, R. J., and Rosenberg, R., 2008. Spreading dead zones and
consequences for marine ecosystems. Science, 321, 926–928.
Donaghay, P. L., 1988. The role of temporal scales of acclimation,
food quality and trophic dominance in controlling the evolution
of copepod feeding behaviour. Bulletin of Marine Science,
43, 469–485.
Edvardsen, B., and Imai, I., 2006. The ecology of harmful flagellates within Prymnesiophyceae and Raphidophyceae. In Granéli,
E., and Turner, J. (eds.), The Ecology of Harmful Algae.
New York: Springer-Verlag, pp. 67–80.
Edvardsen, B., and Paasche, E., 1998. Bloom dynamics and
physiology of Prymnesium and Chrysochromulina. In Anderson, D. M., Cembella, A. D., and Hallegraeff, G. M. (eds.),
Physiological Ecology of Harmful Algal Blooms. Berlin,
Germany: Springer-Verlag, pp. 193–208.
Flynn, K. J., Stoecker, D. K., Mitra, A., Raven, J. A., Glibert, P. M.,
Hansen, P. J., Granéli, E., and Burkholder, J. M., 2013. Misuse of
the phytoplankton-zooplankton dichotomy: the need to assign
organisms as mixotrophs within plankton functional types.
Journal of Plankton Research, 35, 3–11.
Franks, P. J. S., 1992. Sink or swim: accumulation of biomass at
fronts. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 82, 1–12.
Fuhrman, J. A., and Suttle, C. A., 1993. Viruses in marine planktonic systems. Oceanography, 6, 50–62.
Furuya, K., Glibert, P. M., Zhou, M., and Raine, R. (eds.), 2010.
GEOHAB Asia- Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful
Algal Blooms in Asia. Paris, France: IOC and SCOR.
Gao, Y., Cornwell, J. C., Stoecker, D. K., and Owens, M. S., 2012.
Effects of cyanobacterial-driven pH increases on sediment
nutrient fluxes and coupled nitrification-denitrification in
a shallow fresh water estuary. Biogeosciences, 9, 2697–2710.
Gentien, P., Reguera, B., Yamazaki, H., Fernand, L., Berdalet, E.,
and Raine, R. (eds.), 2008. GEOHAB Core Research Project:
HABs in Stratified Systems. Paris, France: IOC and SCOR.
Gisselson, L.-Å., Carlsson, P., Granéli, E., and Pallon, J., 2002.
Dinophysis blooms in the deep euphotic zone of the Baltic Sea:
do they grow in the dark? Harmful Algae, 1, 401–418.
Glibert, P. M., and Burkholder, J. M., 2006. The complex relationships between increasing fertilization of the earth, coastal
eutrophication, and HAB proliferation. In Granéli, E., and
Turner, J. (eds.), The Ecology of Harmful Algae. New York:
Springer-Verlag, pp. 341–354.
Glibert, P. M., and Burkholder, J. M., 2011. Eutrophication and
HABs: strategies for nutrient uptake and growth outside the
Redfield comfort zone. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and
Limnology, 29, 724–738.
Glibert, P. M., and Legrand, C., 2006. The diverse nutrient strategies
of HABs: focus on osmotrophy. In Granéli, E., and Turner,
J. (eds.), The Ecology of Harmful Algae. New York: SpringerVerlag, pp. 163–176.
Glibert, P., and Pitcher, G. (eds.), 2001. GEOHAB (Global Ecology
and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms Programme)
Science Plan. Baltimore, MA: SCOR and IOC.
Glibert, P. M., Magnien, R., Lomas, M. W., Alexander, J., Fan, C.,
Haramoto, E., Trice, T. M., and Kana, T. M., 2001. Harmful algal
blooms in the Chesapeake and Coastal Bays of Maryland, USA:
comparisons of 1997, 1998, and 1999 events. Estuaries,
24, 875–883.
Glibert, P. M., Anderson, D. A., Gentien, P., Granéli, E., and Sellner,
K. G., 2005a. The global, complex phenomena of harmful algal
blooms. Oceanography, 18(2), 136–147.
Glibert, P. M., Seitzinger, S., Heil, C. A., Burkholder, J. M., Parrow,
M. W., Codispoti, L. A., and Kelly, V., 2005b. The role of
eutrophication in the global proliferation of harmful algal
blooms: new perspectives and new approaches. Oceanography,
18, 198–209.
Glibert, P. M., Mayorga, E., and Seitzinger, S., 2008. Prorocentrum
minimum tracks anthropogenic nitrogen and phosphorus inputs
on a global basis: application of spatially explicit nutrient export
models. Harmful Algae, 8, 33–38.
Glibert, P. M., Allen, J. I., Bouwman, L., Brown, C., Flynn, K. J.,
Lewitus, A., and Madden, C., 2010. Modeling of HABs and
eutrophication: status, advances, challenges. Journal of Marine
Systems, 83, 262–275.
Glibert, P. M., Fullerton, D., Burkholder, J. M., Cornwell, J., and
Kana, T. M., 2011. Ecological stoichiometry, biogeochemical
cycling, invasive species and aquatic food webs: San Francisco
Estuary and comparative systems. Reviews in Fisheries Science,
19, 358–417.
Glibert, P. M., Burkholder, J. M., and Kana, T. M., 2012. Recent
advances in understanding of relationships between nutrient
availability, forms and stoichiometry and the biogeographical
distribution, ecophysiology, and food web effects of pelagic
and benthic Prorocentrum spp. Harmful Algae, 14, 231–259.
Gobler, C. J., and Sañudo-Wilhelmy, S. A., 2001. Temporal variability of groundwater seepage and brown tide blooms in
a Long Island embayment. Marine Ecology Progress Series,
217, 299–309.
Granéli, E., and Flynn, K., 2006. Chemical and physical factors
influencing toxin content. In Granéli, E., and Turner, J. (eds.),
The Ecology of Harmful Algae. New York: Springer-Verlag,
pp. 229–241.
Granéli, E., and Johansson, N., 2003. Increase in the production
of allelopathic substances by Prymnesium parvum cells
grown under N- or P-deficient conditions. Harmful Algae,
2, 135–145.
Granéli, E., Edler, L., Gedziorowska, D., and Nyman, U., 1985.
Influence of humic and fulvic acids on Prorocentrum minimum
(Pav.) Schiller. In Anderson, D. M., White, A. W., and Baden,
D. G. (eds.), Toxic Dinoflagellates. New York: Elsevier,
pp. 201–206.
ALGAL BLOOMS
15