Nehring, W., 2006. Four arguments why so many alien species settle
into estuaries, with special reference to the German river Elbe.
Helgoland Marine Research, 60, 127–134.
Neira, C., Levin, L., and Grosholz, E. D., 2005. Benthic
macrofaunal communities of three sites in San Francisco Bay
invaded by hybrid Spartina, with comparison to uninvaded habitats. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 292, 111–126.
Nichols, F. H., Thompson, J. K., and Schemel, L. E., 1990. Remarkable invasion of San Francisco Bay (California, USA) by the
Asian clam Potamocorbula amurensis. II. Displacement of
a former community. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 66,
95–101.
Paavola, M., Olenin, S., and Leppäkoski, E., 2005. Are invasive
species most successful in habitats of low native species richness
across European brackish water seas? Estuarine and Coastal
Shelf Science, 64, 738–750.
Padilla, D. K., and Williams, S. L., 2004. Beyond ballast water:
aquarium and ornamental trades as sources of invasive species
in aquatic ecosystems. Frontiers in Ecology and Environment,
2, 131–138.
Phelps, H. L., 1984. The Asiatic clam (Corbicula fluminea) invasion and system-level ecological change in the Potomac River
Estuary near Washington, D.C. Estuaries, 17, 614–621.
Piazzi, L., Ceccherelli, G., and Cinelli, F., 2001. Threat to
macroalgal diversity: effects of the introduced green alga
Caulerpa racemosa in the Mediterranean. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 210, 149–159.
Pimentel, D., Lach, L., Zuniga, R., and Morrison, D., 2000. Environmental and economic costs of nonindigenous species in the
United States. BioScience, 50, 53–65.
Rooth, J., Stevenson, J. C., and Cornwall, J. C., 2003. The influence
of 5- and 20-year old Phragmites populations on rates of accretion in an oligohaline tidal marsh of Chesapeake Bay. Estuaries,
26, 475–483.
Roudez, R., Glover, T., and Weis, J. S., 2007. Learning in an invasive
and a native predatory crab. Biological Invasions, 10, 1191–1196.
Rudnick, D. A., Hieb, K., Grimmer, K. F., and Resh, V. H., 2003. Patterns and processes of biological invasion: the Chinese mitten crab
in San Francisco Bay. Basic and Applied Ecology, 4, 249–262.
Ruiz, G., Fofonoff, P., and Hines, A., 1999. Non-indigenous species
as stressors in estuarine and marine communities: assessing invasion impacts and interactions. Limnology and Oceanography,
44, 950–972.
Saltonstall, K., 2002. Cryptic invasion by a non-native genotype of
Phragmites australis into North America. Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences, 99, 2445–2449.
Torchin, M. E., Lafferty, K. D., and Kuris, A. M., 2002. Parasites
and marine invasions. Parasitology, 124, 137–151.
Valega, M., A.I. Lillebø, M.E. Pereira, A.C. Duarte, M.A. Pardal
2008. Long-term effects of mercury in a salt marsh: Hysteresis
in the distribution of vegetation following recovery from contamination. Chemosphere 71: 765–772
Veldhuizen, T. C., and Stanish, S., 1999. Overview of the Life History, Distribution, Abundance, and Impacts of the Chinese Mitten Crab, Eriocheir sinensis. Sacramento, CA: California
Department of Water Resources, Interagency Program, p. 117.
Appendix A.
Waite, T. D., Kazumi, J., Lane, P. V., Farmer, L. L., Smith, S. G.,
Smith, S. L., Hitchcock, G., and Capo, T., 2003. Removal of natural populations of marine plankton by a large-scale ballast water
treatment system. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 258, 51–63.
Wallentinus, I., and Nyberg, C. D., 2003. Introduced marine organisms as habitat modifiers. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 55,
323–332.
Weigle, S., Smith, L. D., Carlton, J. T., and Pederson, J., 2005.
Assessing the risk of introducing exotic species via the live
marine species trade. Conservation Biology, 19, 213–223.
Weis, J. S., and Weis, P., 2003. Is the invasion of the common reed,
Phragmites australis, into tidal marshes of the Eastern U.S. an
ecological disaster? Marine Pollution Bulletin, 46, 816–820.
Williams, S. L., and Grosholz, E., 2008. The invasive species challenge in estuarine and coastal environments: marrying management and science. Estuaries and Coasts, 31, 3–20.
Windham, L., Weis, J. S., and Weis, P., 2001. Patterns and processes
of mercury release from leaves of two dominant salt marsh
macrophytes, Phragmites australis and Spartina alterniflora.
Estuaries, 24, 787–795.
INVASIVE SPECIES
371
into estuaries, with special reference to the German river Elbe.
Helgoland Marine Research, 60, 127–134.
Neira, C., Levin, L., and Grosholz, E. D., 2005. Benthic
macrofaunal communities of three sites in San Francisco Bay
invaded by hybrid Spartina, with comparison to uninvaded habitats. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 292, 111–126.
Nichols, F. H., Thompson, J. K., and Schemel, L. E., 1990. Remarkable invasion of San Francisco Bay (California, USA) by the
Asian clam Potamocorbula amurensis. II. Displacement of
a former community. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 66,
95–101.
Paavola, M., Olenin, S., and Leppäkoski, E., 2005. Are invasive
species most successful in habitats of low native species richness
across European brackish water seas? Estuarine and Coastal
Shelf Science, 64, 738–750.
Padilla, D. K., and Williams, S. L., 2004. Beyond ballast water:
aquarium and ornamental trades as sources of invasive species
in aquatic ecosystems. Frontiers in Ecology and Environment,
2, 131–138.
Phelps, H. L., 1984. The Asiatic clam (Corbicula fluminea) invasion and system-level ecological change in the Potomac River
Estuary near Washington, D.C. Estuaries, 17, 614–621.
Piazzi, L., Ceccherelli, G., and Cinelli, F., 2001. Threat to
macroalgal diversity: effects of the introduced green alga
Caulerpa racemosa in the Mediterranean. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 210, 149–159.
Pimentel, D., Lach, L., Zuniga, R., and Morrison, D., 2000. Environmental and economic costs of nonindigenous species in the
United States. BioScience, 50, 53–65.
Rooth, J., Stevenson, J. C., and Cornwall, J. C., 2003. The influence
of 5- and 20-year old Phragmites populations on rates of accretion in an oligohaline tidal marsh of Chesapeake Bay. Estuaries,
26, 475–483.
Roudez, R., Glover, T., and Weis, J. S., 2007. Learning in an invasive
and a native predatory crab. Biological Invasions, 10, 1191–1196.
Rudnick, D. A., Hieb, K., Grimmer, K. F., and Resh, V. H., 2003. Patterns and processes of biological invasion: the Chinese mitten crab
in San Francisco Bay. Basic and Applied Ecology, 4, 249–262.
Ruiz, G., Fofonoff, P., and Hines, A., 1999. Non-indigenous species
as stressors in estuarine and marine communities: assessing invasion impacts and interactions. Limnology and Oceanography,
44, 950–972.
Saltonstall, K., 2002. Cryptic invasion by a non-native genotype of
Phragmites australis into North America. Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences, 99, 2445–2449.
Torchin, M. E., Lafferty, K. D., and Kuris, A. M., 2002. Parasites
and marine invasions. Parasitology, 124, 137–151.
Valega, M., A.I. Lillebø, M.E. Pereira, A.C. Duarte, M.A. Pardal
2008. Long-term effects of mercury in a salt marsh: Hysteresis
in the distribution of vegetation following recovery from contamination. Chemosphere 71: 765–772
Veldhuizen, T. C., and Stanish, S., 1999. Overview of the Life History, Distribution, Abundance, and Impacts of the Chinese Mitten Crab, Eriocheir sinensis. Sacramento, CA: California
Department of Water Resources, Interagency Program, p. 117.
Appendix A.
Waite, T. D., Kazumi, J., Lane, P. V., Farmer, L. L., Smith, S. G.,
Smith, S. L., Hitchcock, G., and Capo, T., 2003. Removal of natural populations of marine plankton by a large-scale ballast water
treatment system. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 258, 51–63.
Wallentinus, I., and Nyberg, C. D., 2003. Introduced marine organisms as habitat modifiers. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 55,
323–332.
Weigle, S., Smith, L. D., Carlton, J. T., and Pederson, J., 2005.
Assessing the risk of introducing exotic species via the live
marine species trade. Conservation Biology, 19, 213–223.
Weis, J. S., and Weis, P., 2003. Is the invasion of the common reed,
Phragmites australis, into tidal marshes of the Eastern U.S. an
ecological disaster? Marine Pollution Bulletin, 46, 816–820.
Williams, S. L., and Grosholz, E., 2008. The invasive species challenge in estuarine and coastal environments: marrying management and science. Estuaries and Coasts, 31, 3–20.
Windham, L., Weis, J. S., and Weis, P., 2001. Patterns and processes
of mercury release from leaves of two dominant salt marsh
macrophytes, Phragmites australis and Spartina alterniflora.
Estuaries, 24, 787–795.
INVASIVE SPECIES
371