5.3 Sources of Marine Pollution by Petroleum ...... 80
5.4 Effect of Oil on Marine Life ............... 87
5.5 Combating Oil Pollution .................. 96
6
Radioactivity
6.1 Natural Background Radioactivity and Fall-out ... 104
6.2 Reprocessing Plants, Plutonium Plants, and Nuclear
Reactors ............................ 109
6.3 Radioactive Waste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
6.4 Effects of Radioactivity .................. 116
7
General Problems of Harmful Substances in the Sea
7.1 Toxicity ............................ 120
7.2 Accumulation ......................... 126
7.3 Geochemical Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
7.4 Global Considerations ................... 143
8
Global Contamination of the Oceans by Heavy Metals
8.1 How Much Mercury May Be Tolerated in Fish for
Human Consumption? . . .................
8.2 Mercury in Large Fish, Seal, and Open Sea Marine
Birds ...............................
8.3 Mercury in the Water of the World's Oceans .....
8.4 Sources of Mercury in the Sea . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.5 Has Man Increased the Concentration of Mercury in
the World's Oceans? ....................
8.6 Contamination of the Oceans with Cadmium ....
8.7 Contamination of the Oceans with Lead .......
9
Global Pollution of the Oceans with Chlorinated
Hydrocarbons
146
149
151
152
154
158
160
9.1 General............................. 164
9.2 What Quantity of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons May Be
Tolerated in Marine Food for Human Consumption? 169
9.3 Ways of Transport, Transformations, and
Concentrations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 174
9.4 Effects of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons . . . . . . . .. 179
10 Laws Against the Pollution of the Oceans. . . . . .. 184
11 Diagnosis and Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 191
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 196
Subject Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 213
VIII