Part D | 22.5
564 Part D Marine Algal Biotechnology
Table 22.12 Biological activities of algal cell wall polysaccharides
Polysaccharide
Algal species
Specific biological activities
References
Ulvans
Enteromorpha prolifera
Activation of T cells and macrophages
[22.317, 318]
Ulva lactuca
Antioxidant (biomembrane protection)
[22.319]
Ulva pertusa, Ulva rigida
Activation of macrophages
[22.316, 320]
Monostroma nitidum
Activation of macrophages, anticancer
[22.321]
Sulfated rhamnan
Monostroma nitidum
Anticoagulant
[22.164]
Monostroma latissimum
Anticoagulant
[22.163, 321]
Monostroma latissimum
antiviral (HSV-1, HCMV-1, HIV-1) a;b;c
[22.322]
Sulfated heterorhamnan
Gayralia oxysperma
Antiviral (HSV-1, 2)
[22.166]
Sulfated arabinopyranan Enteromorpha clathrata
Anticoagulant
[22.173]
Sulfated galactan
Codium fragile
Activation of macrophages, antiviral (HSV-2) [22.21, 160]
Codium cylindricum
Anticoagulant
[22.22]
Schizymenia binderi
Antiviral (HSV-1, 2)
[22.71]
Bostrychia montagnei
Antiviral (HSV-1)
[22.147]
Chaetomorpha aerea
Antibacterial (Staphylococcus aureus)
[22.323]
Sulfated xylogalactan
Nothogenia fastigiata
Antiviral (HSV-1)
[22.324]
Sulfated xylomannans
Nothogenia fastigiata
Antiviral (HSV-1 and other), anticoagulant
[22.168, 169,
325, 326]
Sebdenia polydactyla
Antiviral
[22.170]
Nemalion helminthoides
Antiviral (HSV-1)
[22.171]
Sulfated heteromannan
Capsosiphon fulvescens
Activation of macrophages
[22.327]
Sulfated mannan
Codium vermilara
Anticoagulant
[22.24]
Carrageenans
Stenogramme interrupta
Antiviral (HSV-1, 2)
[22.8]
Ä-, Ã-, -carrageenans
Gigartina acicularis, G. pisillata
Eucheuma cottonii, E. spinosa
Antioxidant (free radical scavenging)
[22.328]
Ã-carrageenan
Nonspecified
Antiviral
[22.329–
332]
Carrageenan
Gigartina skottsbergii
Antioxidant (ABTS, FCA, ORAC, ROS
scavenging)
d
[22.65]
, Ä=à and == carrageenans
Gigartina skottsbergii
Antiviral (HSV-1)
[22.333]
Ä=Ã== carrageenans
Meristiella gelidium
Antiviral (HSV-2, DENV-2) e
[22.63]
Unusual hybrid carrageenan
Botryocladia occidentalis
pro/anticoagulant, antithrombotic
[22.62, 334–
338]
Sulfated galactans
Gelidium crinale
pro/anticoagulant, antithrombotic
[22.337, 338]
Gelidium crinale
Anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive
[22.339]
Grateloupia indica
Antiviral (HSV-1, 2)
[22.340]
Sphaerococcus coronopifolius
Boergeseniella thuyoides
Antiviral (HIV-1, HSV-1)
[22.341]
Ä=Ã== carrageenans
Cryptonemia crenulata
Gymnogongrus griffithsiae
Antiviral (HSV-1, 2; DENV-1-4)
[22.76, 342,
343]
DL-galactans
Gymnogongrus griffithsiae
Schizymenia binderi
Antiviral (HSV-1, 2)
[22.71]
Gymnogongrus torulosus
Antiviral (HSV-2, DENV-2)
[22.73]
a HSV: herpes simplex virus; b HCMV: human cytomegalovirus; c HIV: human immunodeficiency virus;
d ABTS: 2,2 0 -azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), ORAC: oxygen radical absorbance capacity,
FCA: ferrous ion chelating ability, ROS: reactive oxygen species; e DENV: dengue virus