Part A | 7
204 Part A Marine Flora and Fauna
0
20
40
60
80
Genera
Alcyoiidae Nephtheidae Plexauridae Clavulariidae Xeniidae
Gorgoniidae
Species
Compounds
Fig. 7.11 Prolific families of
soft coral species
organisms in the quantitative investment they make in
terpenoid-based defence and competition. This wealth
of bioactive substances renders these invertebrates potential with a variety of therapeutic agents.
References
7.1
M. Donia, M.T. Hamann: Marine natural products
and their potential applications as anti-infective
agents, Lancet Infect. Dis. 3, 338–348 (2003)
7.2
A. Iwamaru, E. Iwado, S. Kondo, R.A. Newman,
B. Vera, A.D. Rodríguez, Y. Kondo: Eupalmerin acetate, a novel anticancer agent from Caribbean
gorgonian octocorals, induces apoptosis in malignant glioma cells via the c-Jun NH2-terminal
kinase pathway, Mol. Cancer Ther. 6, 184–192
(2007)
7.3
E.L. Cooper: Commentary on traditional and modern biomedical prospecting: Part II — The benefits,
eCAM 1(2), 207–209 (2004)
7.4
J.M. Kirkwood, J.N.A. Hooper: Technical paper on
coastal and marine biodiversity, Burnett Mary Reg,
Group Nat. Resour. Manag. 57, 50 (2004)
7.5
G. C. Williams, S. D. Cairns: Systematic list of valid
octocoral genera (2006), http://www.calacademy.
org/research/izg/OCTOCLASS.htm
7.6
R.K. Jha, X. Zi-rong: Biomedical compounds
from marine organisms, Mar. Drugs 2, 123–146
(2004)
7.7
J.C. Coll, S. La Barrel, P.W. Sammarco, W.T. Williams,
G.J. Bakus: Chemical defences in soft corals (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) of the Great Barrier Reef:
A study of comparative toxicities, Mar. Ecol. Prog.
Ser. 8, 271–278 (1982)
7.8
J.C. Coll: The chemistry and chemical ecology of
octocorals (Coelenterata, Anthozoa, Octocorallia),
Chem. Rev. 1002(92), 613–631 (1992)
7.9
T.J. Higa, I.I. Tanaka, M. Ohtani, M.C. Musman Roy,
I. Kuroda: Bioactive compounds from coral reef invertebrates, Pure Appl. Chem. 73, 589–593 (2001)
7.10
J.H. Sheu, A.F. Ahmed, R.T. Shiue, C.F. Dai, Y.H. Kuo:
Scabrolides A-D, four new norditerpenoids isolated
from the soft coral Sinularia scabra, J. Nat. Prod.
65, 1904–1908 (2002)
7.11
M.K. Khalesi, H.H. Beeftink, R.H. Wijffels: The soft
coral Sinularia flexibilis: Potential for drug development. In: Advances in Coral Husbandry in Public
Aquariums, Public Aquarium Husbandry, Vol. 2, ed.
by R.J. Leewis, M. Janse (Burger’s Zoo, Arnhem
2008) pp. 47–60
7.12
M.H.R. Seleghim, S.P. Lira, M.H. Kossuga, T. Batista,
R.G.S. Berlinck, E. Hajdu, G. Muricy, R.M. da
Rocha, G.G.F. do Nascimento, M. Silva, E.F. Pimenta, O.H. Thiemann, G. Oliva, B.C. Cavalcanti,
C. Pessoa, M.O. de Moraes, F.C.S. Galetti, C.L. Silva,
A.O. de Souza, S. Peixinho: Antibiotic, cytotoxic and
enzyme inhibitory activity of crude extracts from
Brazilian marine invertebrates, Braz. J. Pharmacog.
17(3), 287–318 (2007)
7.13
P.W. Sammarco, J.C. Coll: Chemical adaptations in
the Octocorallia: evolutionary considerations, Mar.
Ecol. Prog. Ser. 88, 93–104 (1992)
7.14
K.E. Fabricius, P. Alderslade: Soft Corals and Sea
Fans: A Comprehensive Guide to the Tropical Shallow Water Genera of the Central-West Pacific, the
Indian Ocean and the Red Sea (Australian Institute
of Marine Science, Townsville 2001)
204 Part A Marine Flora and Fauna
0
20
40
60
80
Genera
Alcyoiidae Nephtheidae Plexauridae Clavulariidae Xeniidae
Gorgoniidae
Species
Compounds
Fig. 7.11 Prolific families of
soft coral species
organisms in the quantitative investment they make in
terpenoid-based defence and competition. This wealth
of bioactive substances renders these invertebrates potential with a variety of therapeutic agents.
References
7.1
M. Donia, M.T. Hamann: Marine natural products
and their potential applications as anti-infective
agents, Lancet Infect. Dis. 3, 338–348 (2003)
7.2
A. Iwamaru, E. Iwado, S. Kondo, R.A. Newman,
B. Vera, A.D. Rodríguez, Y. Kondo: Eupalmerin acetate, a novel anticancer agent from Caribbean
gorgonian octocorals, induces apoptosis in malignant glioma cells via the c-Jun NH2-terminal
kinase pathway, Mol. Cancer Ther. 6, 184–192
(2007)
7.3
E.L. Cooper: Commentary on traditional and modern biomedical prospecting: Part II — The benefits,
eCAM 1(2), 207–209 (2004)
7.4
J.M. Kirkwood, J.N.A. Hooper: Technical paper on
coastal and marine biodiversity, Burnett Mary Reg,
Group Nat. Resour. Manag. 57, 50 (2004)
7.5
G. C. Williams, S. D. Cairns: Systematic list of valid
octocoral genera (2006), http://www.calacademy.
org/research/izg/OCTOCLASS.htm
7.6
R.K. Jha, X. Zi-rong: Biomedical compounds
from marine organisms, Mar. Drugs 2, 123–146
(2004)
7.7
J.C. Coll, S. La Barrel, P.W. Sammarco, W.T. Williams,
G.J. Bakus: Chemical defences in soft corals (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) of the Great Barrier Reef:
A study of comparative toxicities, Mar. Ecol. Prog.
Ser. 8, 271–278 (1982)
7.8
J.C. Coll: The chemistry and chemical ecology of
octocorals (Coelenterata, Anthozoa, Octocorallia),
Chem. Rev. 1002(92), 613–631 (1992)
7.9
T.J. Higa, I.I. Tanaka, M. Ohtani, M.C. Musman Roy,
I. Kuroda: Bioactive compounds from coral reef invertebrates, Pure Appl. Chem. 73, 589–593 (2001)
7.10
J.H. Sheu, A.F. Ahmed, R.T. Shiue, C.F. Dai, Y.H. Kuo:
Scabrolides A-D, four new norditerpenoids isolated
from the soft coral Sinularia scabra, J. Nat. Prod.
65, 1904–1908 (2002)
7.11
M.K. Khalesi, H.H. Beeftink, R.H. Wijffels: The soft
coral Sinularia flexibilis: Potential for drug development. In: Advances in Coral Husbandry in Public
Aquariums, Public Aquarium Husbandry, Vol. 2, ed.
by R.J. Leewis, M. Janse (Burger’s Zoo, Arnhem
2008) pp. 47–60
7.12
M.H.R. Seleghim, S.P. Lira, M.H. Kossuga, T. Batista,
R.G.S. Berlinck, E. Hajdu, G. Muricy, R.M. da
Rocha, G.G.F. do Nascimento, M. Silva, E.F. Pimenta, O.H. Thiemann, G. Oliva, B.C. Cavalcanti,
C. Pessoa, M.O. de Moraes, F.C.S. Galetti, C.L. Silva,
A.O. de Souza, S. Peixinho: Antibiotic, cytotoxic and
enzyme inhibitory activity of crude extracts from
Brazilian marine invertebrates, Braz. J. Pharmacog.
17(3), 287–318 (2007)
7.13
P.W. Sammarco, J.C. Coll: Chemical adaptations in
the Octocorallia: evolutionary considerations, Mar.
Ecol. Prog. Ser. 88, 93–104 (1992)
7.14
K.E. Fabricius, P. Alderslade: Soft Corals and Sea
Fans: A Comprehensive Guide to the Tropical Shallow Water Genera of the Central-West Pacific, the
Indian Ocean and the Red Sea (Australian Institute
of Marine Science, Townsville 2001)