Seaweed Flora of the European North Atlantic and Mediterranean 6.3 Seaweeds Biodiversity and Potential 77
Part A | 6.3
Fig. 6.9 Herbarium specimen of Cladophora rupestris
(MACOI no. 2419)
Habitat. Grow fixed to rocks in the upper sublittoral
zone.
Distribution. NE and E Atlantic (from Ireland and
Britain to Senegal); Mediterranean; NW and SW Atlantic; SE Atlantic; Indo-Pacific Oceans; Australia.
Uses and Compounds. Used on experimental coculture [6.199]. Have antimicrobial [6.96, 200–203],
antifungal [6.200, 204], antiviral [6.103], antioxidant [6.65, 205], and anticoagulant [6.206] activity.
Cladophora rupestris (Linnaeus) Kützing
Description. C. rupestris is a densely tufted plant,
darkgreen, which grows up to 20 cm in height, with dark
green or bluish colored dull fronds. Typical specimens
branch profusely upward from the base, in an irregular,
whorled or opposite pattern. The stoutness, density, and
arrangement of branches give the seaweed a coarse feel
(Fig. 6.9).
The morphology of the species is fairly constant
over a wide range of habitat conditions and over a wide
geographical area. Its morphology is affected by physical damage due to grazing by animals and loss of the
apical region on reproduction; both instances are followed by regeneration and proliferation of branches. C.
rupestris sometimes forms an almost complete cover of
stunted growth at high tide level and occasionally in
the splash zone where pools are brackish. Filaments are
short and branching dense in the most wave exposed
locations [6.1, 32].
Habitat. On solid substratum, in all littoral zones,
prefers sandy locations in the lower littoral, tolerant to
reduced salt content of seawater.
Distribution. NE Atlantic (Scandinavia to N Africa),
North Sea and Baltic; Mediterranean; NW Atlantic;
NW Pacific (Japan) and SW Pacific; Subarctic.
Uses and Compounds. Contains arabinose, carotenoids, galactose, glucose, polysaccharides, protein,
rhamnose, sulfuric acid, and xylose [6.207, 208]. Used
for animal feed [6.209], and CO 2 bioremediation
[6.210]. Have antimicrobial [6.130, 211], antimycobacterial [6.212], antiprotozoal [6.212], cytotoxic [6.212],
and antifouling [6.213] activity.
Order: Ulvales
Ulva clathrata (Roth) C. Agardh
Synonyms. Enteromorpha ramulosa (Smith) Carmichael, Enteromorpha clathrata (Roth) Greville.
Common Name. Aonori.
Description. Plants less than 30 cm long and soft; thallus repeatedly branched in all directions, cylindrical or
compressed with narrow branchlets as much as 40 cm
long, light green in color, plants grow first attached
to the substratum but later become free floating; cells
of the thallus more or less quadrangular in shape with
a single cup-shaped chloroplast; pyrenoids 3 to 4.
This species forms tufts, bright green, composed
of branched axes, which can reach several centimeters
long (2030 cm). The main axis and branches are covered with conical branchlets very characteristic [6.1].
Habitat. In rocks and stones, from mid-littoral to
sublittoral.
Distribution. Entire Atlantic, Mediterranean, Caribbean (Cuba, Mexico), NE and NW Pacific, Australia
and New Zealand.
Uses and Compounds. Used as biofilter on shrimp
(Litopenaeus vannamei) aquaculture [6.214], on shrimp
feed [6.215, 216], and for human food [6.4, 217]. Have
Part A | 6.3
Fig. 6.9 Herbarium specimen of Cladophora rupestris
(MACOI no. 2419)
Habitat. Grow fixed to rocks in the upper sublittoral
zone.
Distribution. NE and E Atlantic (from Ireland and
Britain to Senegal); Mediterranean; NW and SW Atlantic; SE Atlantic; Indo-Pacific Oceans; Australia.
Uses and Compounds. Used on experimental coculture [6.199]. Have antimicrobial [6.96, 200–203],
antifungal [6.200, 204], antiviral [6.103], antioxidant [6.65, 205], and anticoagulant [6.206] activity.
Cladophora rupestris (Linnaeus) Kützing
Description. C. rupestris is a densely tufted plant,
darkgreen, which grows up to 20 cm in height, with dark
green or bluish colored dull fronds. Typical specimens
branch profusely upward from the base, in an irregular,
whorled or opposite pattern. The stoutness, density, and
arrangement of branches give the seaweed a coarse feel
(Fig. 6.9).
The morphology of the species is fairly constant
over a wide range of habitat conditions and over a wide
geographical area. Its morphology is affected by physical damage due to grazing by animals and loss of the
apical region on reproduction; both instances are followed by regeneration and proliferation of branches. C.
rupestris sometimes forms an almost complete cover of
stunted growth at high tide level and occasionally in
the splash zone where pools are brackish. Filaments are
short and branching dense in the most wave exposed
locations [6.1, 32].
Habitat. On solid substratum, in all littoral zones,
prefers sandy locations in the lower littoral, tolerant to
reduced salt content of seawater.
Distribution. NE Atlantic (Scandinavia to N Africa),
North Sea and Baltic; Mediterranean; NW Atlantic;
NW Pacific (Japan) and SW Pacific; Subarctic.
Uses and Compounds. Contains arabinose, carotenoids, galactose, glucose, polysaccharides, protein,
rhamnose, sulfuric acid, and xylose [6.207, 208]. Used
for animal feed [6.209], and CO 2 bioremediation
[6.210]. Have antimicrobial [6.130, 211], antimycobacterial [6.212], antiprotozoal [6.212], cytotoxic [6.212],
and antifouling [6.213] activity.
Order: Ulvales
Ulva clathrata (Roth) C. Agardh
Synonyms. Enteromorpha ramulosa (Smith) Carmichael, Enteromorpha clathrata (Roth) Greville.
Common Name. Aonori.
Description. Plants less than 30 cm long and soft; thallus repeatedly branched in all directions, cylindrical or
compressed with narrow branchlets as much as 40 cm
long, light green in color, plants grow first attached
to the substratum but later become free floating; cells
of the thallus more or less quadrangular in shape with
a single cup-shaped chloroplast; pyrenoids 3 to 4.
This species forms tufts, bright green, composed
of branched axes, which can reach several centimeters
long (2030 cm). The main axis and branches are covered with conical branchlets very characteristic [6.1].
Habitat. In rocks and stones, from mid-littoral to
sublittoral.
Distribution. Entire Atlantic, Mediterranean, Caribbean (Cuba, Mexico), NE and NW Pacific, Australia
and New Zealand.
Uses and Compounds. Used as biofilter on shrimp
(Litopenaeus vannamei) aquaculture [6.214], on shrimp
feed [6.215, 216], and for human food [6.4, 217]. Have