Table 20.1 Main forms of land use, ecological services, living resources and anthropogenic impacts at Western Atlantic estuaries
Estuary
Land uses
Main ecological services
Main living resources
Main anthropogenic impacts
Parnaíba
River
delta
estuaries
Fisheries:
Nursery:
Fisheries resources:
Fisheries impacts:
Artisanal
Fishes and invertebrates
Uçá-crab
Small mesh-size fishery
Recreational
Seasonal users:
Common snook
Intensive bycatch
Manatee
Mullets
Other human impacts:
Subsistence
Sea turtles
Lanne snapper
Harbour moorings
Other uses:
Birds
Dog snapper
Mangrove deforestation for agriculture
Conservation
Other services:
Acoupa weakfish
Mangrove deforestation for wind-energy generation
Electric power generation
Coastal fertilization
Other resources:
Railway lines
Holiday homes
Coastal protection
Carnaúba wax
Wetlands drainage
Tourism
Water supply
Maniçoba rubber
Urban settlements
Babaçu oil
Domestic/agriculture effluents
Goiana
River
Estuary
Fisheries:
Nursery:
Fisheries resources:
Fisheries impacts:
Artisanal
Fishes and invertebrates
White mullet
Small mesh-size fishery
Recreational
Protection of endangered species: Longnose stingray ray
Overexploitation of lobsters
Subsistence
Atlantic goliath grouper
Uçá-crab
Interaction biota-plastic debris
Other uses:
Manatee
Caribbean venerid clam
Microplastic pollution
Conservation
Sea turtles
Stout mussel
Microplastic ingestion by fishes
Holiday homes
Other services:
Lobsters
Intensive bycatch
Tourism
Coastal fertilization
Acoupa weakfish
Illegal fisheries of crabs
Aquaculture
Effluents dilution
Snooks
Other human impacts:
Water supply
Snappers
Mercury contamination
Cutlassfish
Mangrove deforestation for sugarcane plantations,
milling and mining
Mojarras
Pink and white shrimps
River drainage
Domestic/aquaculture/agriculture effluents
Dredging main channel for sand
Unplanned urban settlements