597
For radiometric normalization the DN values of the images are converted to top-ofthe-atmosphere reflectance values using the standard method (Nayak et al. 2003a,
b). The geometric correction is carried out by geo-referencing the images using
ground control points and all the images are assigned to a common projection system so that they could be mutually compared and analysed for change detection
studies. The study area is then extracted from the satellite images. Mangrove mapping for each of the dates of the data acquisitions are done by analysing the satellite
images using supervised classification technique (Joseph 2007; Nayak et al. 2003a).
The images are classified into various classes present in the study area, such as,
Mangrove Dense, Mangrove Sparse, Intertidal Mudflat, High-tidal Mudflat, Algae,
Sand, Salt pan etc.
A few examples on monitoring of the status/condition of mangroves using EO
satellite data are discussed below.
19.6.1 Marine National Park, West Coast of India
The Marine National Park and Sanctuary (MNP&S) is located along the southern
shore of Gulf of Kachchh in the Jamnagar district of Gujarat, west coast of India
(between 22° 15′N to 23° 00′N latitudes and 69° 00′ E to 70° 30′E longitudes)
(Fig. 19.4). MNP&S is endowed with ecologically sensitive habitats such as mangroves, mudflats, coral reefs, sea grasses and sand dunes. It was established by a set
of Government notifications during the period 1980–1982. The entire notified protected area comprises of 457.92 km
2
of Marine Sanctuary and 162.89 km
2
of Marine
National Park. The MNP&S supports 215 species of molluscs including oysters, 3
species of sea turtles, 3 species of marine mammals (Dolphin, Porpoise and
Dugong), 144 different varieties of fishes, 27 species of commercially important
Prawns, 49 species of hard corals, 10 species of soft corals, 100 species of algae, 6
species of sea grasses along with few mangrove species comprise the biological
wealth of this eco-region (Singh et al. 2006). Since 1991, mangroves and coral reefs
have been provided extra protection under the 1991 Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ)
notification of the Government of India.
Mangroves of the part of the Marine National Park and Sanctuary, Gulf of Kachchh,
Gujarat (Fig. 19.9) have been mapped and monitored using IRS P6 LISS- III (Linear
Imaging Self Scanning-III) data of 02 March 2006, 28 December 2009 and 11 January
2011 (Fig. 19.10). In addition, ecological changes in mangroves and coral reefs have
also been studied (Kumar et al. 2012b). Using the above multi- temporal satellite data
and the methodology as given in Fig. 19.8 mangrove forests were mapped for each of
the three dates for the study area (core Marine National Park, includes islands such as
Pirotan, Jindra-Chhad, Mundeka Bet and Dideka Bet) extending from 69° 49′ to 70°
02′ E longitude and from 22° 37′ to 22° 29′ N latitude (Fig. 19.11).
The result, in terms of the classified output showing mangrove forests as well as
other vital coastal habitats are given in Fig. 19.11a–c. Mangrove forests (dense and
sparse) are shown in green colour. In a previous study, mangrove forests of the core
marine national park were also mapped and monitored for the period 1975–2001,
19 Mangrove Inventory, Monitoring, and Health Assessment
For radiometric normalization the DN values of the images are converted to top-ofthe-atmosphere reflectance values using the standard method (Nayak et al. 2003a,
b). The geometric correction is carried out by geo-referencing the images using
ground control points and all the images are assigned to a common projection system so that they could be mutually compared and analysed for change detection
studies. The study area is then extracted from the satellite images. Mangrove mapping for each of the dates of the data acquisitions are done by analysing the satellite
images using supervised classification technique (Joseph 2007; Nayak et al. 2003a).
The images are classified into various classes present in the study area, such as,
Mangrove Dense, Mangrove Sparse, Intertidal Mudflat, High-tidal Mudflat, Algae,
Sand, Salt pan etc.
A few examples on monitoring of the status/condition of mangroves using EO
satellite data are discussed below.
19.6.1 Marine National Park, West Coast of India
The Marine National Park and Sanctuary (MNP&S) is located along the southern
shore of Gulf of Kachchh in the Jamnagar district of Gujarat, west coast of India
(between 22° 15′N to 23° 00′N latitudes and 69° 00′ E to 70° 30′E longitudes)
(Fig. 19.4). MNP&S is endowed with ecologically sensitive habitats such as mangroves, mudflats, coral reefs, sea grasses and sand dunes. It was established by a set
of Government notifications during the period 1980–1982. The entire notified protected area comprises of 457.92 km
2
of Marine Sanctuary and 162.89 km
2
of Marine
National Park. The MNP&S supports 215 species of molluscs including oysters, 3
species of sea turtles, 3 species of marine mammals (Dolphin, Porpoise and
Dugong), 144 different varieties of fishes, 27 species of commercially important
Prawns, 49 species of hard corals, 10 species of soft corals, 100 species of algae, 6
species of sea grasses along with few mangrove species comprise the biological
wealth of this eco-region (Singh et al. 2006). Since 1991, mangroves and coral reefs
have been provided extra protection under the 1991 Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ)
notification of the Government of India.
Mangroves of the part of the Marine National Park and Sanctuary, Gulf of Kachchh,
Gujarat (Fig. 19.9) have been mapped and monitored using IRS P6 LISS- III (Linear
Imaging Self Scanning-III) data of 02 March 2006, 28 December 2009 and 11 January
2011 (Fig. 19.10). In addition, ecological changes in mangroves and coral reefs have
also been studied (Kumar et al. 2012b). Using the above multi- temporal satellite data
and the methodology as given in Fig. 19.8 mangrove forests were mapped for each of
the three dates for the study area (core Marine National Park, includes islands such as
Pirotan, Jindra-Chhad, Mundeka Bet and Dideka Bet) extending from 69° 49′ to 70°
02′ E longitude and from 22° 37′ to 22° 29′ N latitude (Fig. 19.11).
The result, in terms of the classified output showing mangrove forests as well as
other vital coastal habitats are given in Fig. 19.11a–c. Mangrove forests (dense and
sparse) are shown in green colour. In a previous study, mangrove forests of the core
marine national park were also mapped and monitored for the period 1975–2001,
19 Mangrove Inventory, Monitoring, and Health Assessment