433
EEAA (2015a) Egypt state of environment report 2012. The Egyptian Environmental Affairs
Agency (EEAA)
EEAA (2015b) Annual report of the year 2014 of monitoring of water quality of the Mediterranean
coastal water, EIMP, EEAA
EEAA (2016a) Egyptian biodiversity strategy and action plan (2015–2030), Arab Republic of
Egypt, Ministry of Environment. https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/eg/eg-nbsap-v2-en.pdf
EEAA (2016b) Coastal Water Monitoring Program, EIMP, EEAA. http://www.eeaa.gov.eg/eimp/
cwobj.html
EEAA (2016c) Report of the second campaign of monitoring the water quality of the Mediterranean
coastal water during May 2016. EIMP, EEAA
El Sammak AA, El Sabrouti MA (1995) Organic carbon distribution and preservation in sediments
of Lake Burullus, S.E. Mediterranean, Egypt. Fresenius Environ Bull 4(8):457–462
El-Gamal A (2009) Spatial and temporal variations of the Egyptian Mediterranean coastal water
eutrophication, Water Sciences. Sci J Nat Water Res Cent, NWRC 46:11–24
El-Gamal A (2016) Water and sediments qualities of the Nile River Estuaries, Chapter 8, in The
Nile Delta Book (Volume) – edited by Abdelazim M. Negm, in the series of The Handbook of
Environmental Chemistry, Project coordinator Dr. Andrea Schlitzberger, Springer
El-Quosy D (2005) Lake Manzala engineered wetland port said, Egypt. www.Phy_10(1)_Lake
Manzala Engineered Wetland 29112004.pdf
EL-Sayed EA, Omar M (2013) Investigating the constructed wetlands in the branches of Bahr
Hadous Drain to reduce its salinity and increase drainage reuse of El-Salam canal. Int J IT, Eng
Appl Sci Res (IJIEASR) 2(5):4–14
Fahmy H, Khalifa E, Rashed A (2007) The role of wetlands in water management – Egypt.
Technical Report, January 2007. https://www.researchgate.net/ publication /285056112
Gamito S, Gilabert J, Marcos C, Perez Ruzafa A (2005) Effects on changing environmental conditions on lagoon ecology. In: Gonenc IE, Wolfin JP (eds) Coastal lagoons: ecosystem processes
and modeling for sustainable use and development. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 193–229
Gharib SM, Soliman AM (1998) Some water characteristics and phyto-zooplankton relationship in
Lake Edku (Egypt) and adjacent sea. Bull Fac Sci Alex Univ 38(1, 2):25–44
Hamza W (2006) The Nile estuary. In: Estuaries PW, (ed.) The handbook of environmental chemistry, volume 5 water pollution, part H. Springer Science and Business Media
Haslund OH, Jensen A, Nasr S, Poulsen E, Boisen F, Ebrahim AMM, et al (1999) First results from
the Egyptian Coastal Water Monitoring Program. MEDCOAST 99 – EMECS 99 joint conference, land-ocean interactions: managing coastal ecosystems. In: Ozhan E (ed.) 9–13 November
1999: Antalya
Hereher ME (2014) The Lake Manzala of Egypt: an ambiguous future. Environ Earth Sci
72(6):1801–1809
Masoud MS, Alewa AA, Ali AE, Mohamed AE (2005) Distribution of some metal concentrations
in water and sediments of Lake Edku, Egypt. Bull Chem Technol Maced 24(1):21–34
MedwetCoast (2004) National wetlands strategy and plan of action for Egypt. http://vinc.s.free.fr/
IMG/A21_Egypt_National_Wetlands.pdf
Mehanna SF (2008) Northern delta lakes, Egypt: constraints and challenges, Tropentag, international conference on research for development in Agriculture and Forestry, Food and Natural
Resource Management competition for resources in a changing world: new drive for Rural
Development, October 7–9, 2008 in Stuttgart-Hohenheim, University of Hohenheim
MENA (2016) Egyptian biodiversity strategy and action plan (2015–2030) January 2016, Arab
Republic of Egypt, Ministry of Environmental Affairs
Mitsch WJ, Gosselink JG (1993) Wetlands, 2nd edn. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York
Nicholls RJ, Wong PP, Burkett VR, Codignotto JO, Hay JE, RF ML et al (2007) Coastal systems
and low-lying areas. In: Parry ML, Canziani OF, Palutikof JP, van der Linden PJ, Hanson CE
(eds) Climate change 2007: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability, Contribution of Working
Group II to the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 315–356
13 Egyptian Nile Delta Coastal Lagoons: Alteration and Subsequent Restoration
EEAA (2015a) Egypt state of environment report 2012. The Egyptian Environmental Affairs
Agency (EEAA)
EEAA (2015b) Annual report of the year 2014 of monitoring of water quality of the Mediterranean
coastal water, EIMP, EEAA
EEAA (2016a) Egyptian biodiversity strategy and action plan (2015–2030), Arab Republic of
Egypt, Ministry of Environment. https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/eg/eg-nbsap-v2-en.pdf
EEAA (2016b) Coastal Water Monitoring Program, EIMP, EEAA. http://www.eeaa.gov.eg/eimp/
cwobj.html
EEAA (2016c) Report of the second campaign of monitoring the water quality of the Mediterranean
coastal water during May 2016. EIMP, EEAA
El Sammak AA, El Sabrouti MA (1995) Organic carbon distribution and preservation in sediments
of Lake Burullus, S.E. Mediterranean, Egypt. Fresenius Environ Bull 4(8):457–462
El-Gamal A (2009) Spatial and temporal variations of the Egyptian Mediterranean coastal water
eutrophication, Water Sciences. Sci J Nat Water Res Cent, NWRC 46:11–24
El-Gamal A (2016) Water and sediments qualities of the Nile River Estuaries, Chapter 8, in The
Nile Delta Book (Volume) – edited by Abdelazim M. Negm, in the series of The Handbook of
Environmental Chemistry, Project coordinator Dr. Andrea Schlitzberger, Springer
El-Quosy D (2005) Lake Manzala engineered wetland port said, Egypt. www.Phy_10(1)_Lake
Manzala Engineered Wetland 29112004.pdf
EL-Sayed EA, Omar M (2013) Investigating the constructed wetlands in the branches of Bahr
Hadous Drain to reduce its salinity and increase drainage reuse of El-Salam canal. Int J IT, Eng
Appl Sci Res (IJIEASR) 2(5):4–14
Fahmy H, Khalifa E, Rashed A (2007) The role of wetlands in water management – Egypt.
Technical Report, January 2007. https://www.researchgate.net/ publication /285056112
Gamito S, Gilabert J, Marcos C, Perez Ruzafa A (2005) Effects on changing environmental conditions on lagoon ecology. In: Gonenc IE, Wolfin JP (eds) Coastal lagoons: ecosystem processes
and modeling for sustainable use and development. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 193–229
Gharib SM, Soliman AM (1998) Some water characteristics and phyto-zooplankton relationship in
Lake Edku (Egypt) and adjacent sea. Bull Fac Sci Alex Univ 38(1, 2):25–44
Hamza W (2006) The Nile estuary. In: Estuaries PW, (ed.) The handbook of environmental chemistry, volume 5 water pollution, part H. Springer Science and Business Media
Haslund OH, Jensen A, Nasr S, Poulsen E, Boisen F, Ebrahim AMM, et al (1999) First results from
the Egyptian Coastal Water Monitoring Program. MEDCOAST 99 – EMECS 99 joint conference, land-ocean interactions: managing coastal ecosystems. In: Ozhan E (ed.) 9–13 November
1999: Antalya
Hereher ME (2014) The Lake Manzala of Egypt: an ambiguous future. Environ Earth Sci
72(6):1801–1809
Masoud MS, Alewa AA, Ali AE, Mohamed AE (2005) Distribution of some metal concentrations
in water and sediments of Lake Edku, Egypt. Bull Chem Technol Maced 24(1):21–34
MedwetCoast (2004) National wetlands strategy and plan of action for Egypt. http://vinc.s.free.fr/
IMG/A21_Egypt_National_Wetlands.pdf
Mehanna SF (2008) Northern delta lakes, Egypt: constraints and challenges, Tropentag, international conference on research for development in Agriculture and Forestry, Food and Natural
Resource Management competition for resources in a changing world: new drive for Rural
Development, October 7–9, 2008 in Stuttgart-Hohenheim, University of Hohenheim
MENA (2016) Egyptian biodiversity strategy and action plan (2015–2030) January 2016, Arab
Republic of Egypt, Ministry of Environmental Affairs
Mitsch WJ, Gosselink JG (1993) Wetlands, 2nd edn. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York
Nicholls RJ, Wong PP, Burkett VR, Codignotto JO, Hay JE, RF ML et al (2007) Coastal systems
and low-lying areas. In: Parry ML, Canziani OF, Palutikof JP, van der Linden PJ, Hanson CE
(eds) Climate change 2007: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability, Contribution of Working
Group II to the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 315–356
13 Egyptian Nile Delta Coastal Lagoons: Alteration and Subsequent Restoration