425
The monitoring parameters includes the critical and the important water quality
parameters such as water temperature, salinity, conductivity, pH, Dissolved oxygen,
turbidity, transparency, TSS, NH 3 , NO 2 , NO 3 , TN, PO 4 , TP, SiO 2 and Coliform bacteria. Water quality index was calculated for the Mediterranean water adjacent to the
coastal lakes outlets and it revealed temporal enhancement of their water quality
(El-Gamal 2009). This is due to the governmental efforts to reduce the pollution
through the establishment of the environmental law 4/1994 and his upgrading version 9/2009.
13.7 Vulnerability and Environmental Stresses
The rapid population growth in Egypt, especially in the Nile Delta covered by several wetlands, poses serious problems. Recently, coastal lagoons have become a
matter of concern due to the detrimental impact of several human activities. There
is close relationship between lagoons with terrestrial ecosystem from different environmental conditions. These conditions are hydrological modifications (freshwater
diversions or drainage discharges), water pollution and habitat loss (Gamito et al.
2005; Pérez-Ruzafa et al. 2005). Finally, it make a deep change of the structure
dynamic of the lagoons ecology (Cataudella et al. 2015). Accordingly, conservation
7
6
5
4
3
2
Mex
Maadia
Burullus
El-Gamil
DO
A Limit
mg/L
Fig. 13.6 Dissolved
oxygen (DO) during May
2016 of the Mediterranean
Sea Water adjacent to the
coastal lakes under
investigation against the
accepted limit (Mex =
Mariout Lake, Maadia =
Edku Lake, Burullus =
Burullus Lake and
El-Gamil = Manzala Lake)
(Data from EEAA 2016c)
13 Egyptian Nile Delta Coastal Lagoons: Alteration and Subsequent Restoration
The monitoring parameters includes the critical and the important water quality
parameters such as water temperature, salinity, conductivity, pH, Dissolved oxygen,
turbidity, transparency, TSS, NH 3 , NO 2 , NO 3 , TN, PO 4 , TP, SiO 2 and Coliform bacteria. Water quality index was calculated for the Mediterranean water adjacent to the
coastal lakes outlets and it revealed temporal enhancement of their water quality
(El-Gamal 2009). This is due to the governmental efforts to reduce the pollution
through the establishment of the environmental law 4/1994 and his upgrading version 9/2009.
13.7 Vulnerability and Environmental Stresses
The rapid population growth in Egypt, especially in the Nile Delta covered by several wetlands, poses serious problems. Recently, coastal lagoons have become a
matter of concern due to the detrimental impact of several human activities. There
is close relationship between lagoons with terrestrial ecosystem from different environmental conditions. These conditions are hydrological modifications (freshwater
diversions or drainage discharges), water pollution and habitat loss (Gamito et al.
2005; Pérez-Ruzafa et al. 2005). Finally, it make a deep change of the structure
dynamic of the lagoons ecology (Cataudella et al. 2015). Accordingly, conservation
7
6
5
4
3
2
Mex
Maadia
Burullus
El-Gamil
DO
A Limit
mg/L
Fig. 13.6 Dissolved
oxygen (DO) during May
2016 of the Mediterranean
Sea Water adjacent to the
coastal lakes under
investigation against the
accepted limit (Mex =
Mariout Lake, Maadia =
Edku Lake, Burullus =
Burullus Lake and
El-Gamil = Manzala Lake)
(Data from EEAA 2016c)
13 Egyptian Nile Delta Coastal Lagoons: Alteration and Subsequent Restoration