153
land reclamation to make way for houses is not suitable to be built in this area.
Brunei Darussalam consist of two weather which is dry and wet climate. As
rainy season occur, this area will face an unstable land that could lead to the
destruction of the house.
The Mangsalut River basin and surrounding features in 2015–2016:- the following features of the Sungai Mangsalut are displaying in time to time which is depend
of the condition of the surface features and natural hazards and anthropogenic
influences;
(a) No existence of mangrove swamps, altered river system at the moment;
(b) The tributaries and distributaries (Branches Rivers) that connect with Mangsalut
River change into small sewer system in the Brunei Muara coastal
region (Woodroffe 2009; Wolanski et al. 2009).
(c) Urban development such as houses, buildings and roads surround the river.
(d) The area is a sub urban which developed into one of the suburban in Muara
district in Brunei Darussalam.
(e) The present features of the Sungai Mangsalut estuary and surrounding well
known due to their major attractions land use which people may resides to the
areas with the land uses or facilities available for them to have a better standard
of living.
(f) Despite the continuous construction and development of the area, there were no
complains or impact towards the people in the area in which the development
are going smoothly.
(g) Construction activity of land clearance activities are the common features in the
estuaries region as well as within the catchment area of Sungai Mangsalut.
4.7 Assessment of the Past and Present Scenario
The present scenario of the estuary of the Sungai Mangsalut (Mangsalut River)
mouth and the basin area displaying the real scenario of the mouth area of the
river (Wolanski et al. 2009). Table 4.1 displaying the comparative scenario on the
estuary and basin areas.
The comparison between the past and the present Scenario of the Mangsalut river
basin area in the coastal wetland region in Brunei coast. The table shows the scenario in 1978 and in 2015 (Al-Dousari 2012; Bird 1984a, b). As a whole the scenarios are very different within 38 years. Including the physical features, water
flows and erosion pattern is also very changeable in the estuary area as well as in the
catchment areas (Leong 1998; Lines and Bolwell 1983).
4 Impacts of Coastal Land Use Changes on Mangrove Wetlands at Sungai Mangsalut…
land reclamation to make way for houses is not suitable to be built in this area.
Brunei Darussalam consist of two weather which is dry and wet climate. As
rainy season occur, this area will face an unstable land that could lead to the
destruction of the house.
The Mangsalut River basin and surrounding features in 2015–2016:- the following features of the Sungai Mangsalut are displaying in time to time which is depend
of the condition of the surface features and natural hazards and anthropogenic
influences;
(a) No existence of mangrove swamps, altered river system at the moment;
(b) The tributaries and distributaries (Branches Rivers) that connect with Mangsalut
River change into small sewer system in the Brunei Muara coastal
region (Woodroffe 2009; Wolanski et al. 2009).
(c) Urban development such as houses, buildings and roads surround the river.
(d) The area is a sub urban which developed into one of the suburban in Muara
district in Brunei Darussalam.
(e) The present features of the Sungai Mangsalut estuary and surrounding well
known due to their major attractions land use which people may resides to the
areas with the land uses or facilities available for them to have a better standard
of living.
(f) Despite the continuous construction and development of the area, there were no
complains or impact towards the people in the area in which the development
are going smoothly.
(g) Construction activity of land clearance activities are the common features in the
estuaries region as well as within the catchment area of Sungai Mangsalut.
4.7 Assessment of the Past and Present Scenario
The present scenario of the estuary of the Sungai Mangsalut (Mangsalut River)
mouth and the basin area displaying the real scenario of the mouth area of the
river (Wolanski et al. 2009). Table 4.1 displaying the comparative scenario on the
estuary and basin areas.
The comparison between the past and the present Scenario of the Mangsalut river
basin area in the coastal wetland region in Brunei coast. The table shows the scenario in 1978 and in 2015 (Al-Dousari 2012; Bird 1984a, b). As a whole the scenarios are very different within 38 years. Including the physical features, water
flows and erosion pattern is also very changeable in the estuary area as well as in the
catchment areas (Leong 1998; Lines and Bolwell 1983).
4 Impacts of Coastal Land Use Changes on Mangrove Wetlands at Sungai Mangsalut…