151
By referring to Fig. 4.16, all the seven rivers that were connected to Mangsalut River
was being developed by men. Almost all of the rivers change from river to huge sewer
system as shown at Fig. 4.16. The riverbed was also replaced to concrete bed that
would not allow water to infiltrate through the riverbed. During heavy rainfall, this
urbanized river will experience water flowing much faster comparing the natural river.
Along the way, the water will not be able to carry sediments or nutrients that could
satisfy the survival of Mangsalut River. This can be compared with the study done by
Coles et al. (2011) regarding the Metropolitan areas in the United States where the
development hinder the stream ecosystem. This is to provide the local people with
employment, housing, medical services, education and recreation. Their study emphasize on the effect of urban development are particularly evident in the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of local streams. The natural vegetation and native
topsoil being replaced with impervious cover (rooftops and pavement, such as roads,
parking lots and drive-ways) that block the infiltration of rain into the ground.
There is also problem with the urban development on the branch river that is connected
to the Mangsalut River. In Sungai Lambak, the river was now being altered to a
concrete riverbed and river channel. Beside the Lambak River, there is land reclamation occurred to make way for buildings and houses (Stewart 1986a, b; Robertson
and Alongi 1992).
However, one of the building during the self-trip to the sight, we bumped to
a house that was abandoned (Refer to Figs. 4.17 and 4.18). As we study the area,
the house was clearly tilted and unsafe for people to make it as resident area.
The house in Fig. 4.17 shows the evidence of a failed urban development. The
Sungai Antong
Sungai Orok
Sungai Salambigar
Sungai Tilong
Sungai Tanah Jambu
Sungai Hanching
Sungai in Lambak
Intertidal flat
Small River
Fig. 4.16 Shows the rivers that are urbanized and are connected with the Mangsalut River (Photo
taken by authors, 2015)
4 Impacts of Coastal Land Use Changes on Mangrove Wetlands at Sungai Mangsalut…
By referring to Fig. 4.16, all the seven rivers that were connected to Mangsalut River
was being developed by men. Almost all of the rivers change from river to huge sewer
system as shown at Fig. 4.16. The riverbed was also replaced to concrete bed that
would not allow water to infiltrate through the riverbed. During heavy rainfall, this
urbanized river will experience water flowing much faster comparing the natural river.
Along the way, the water will not be able to carry sediments or nutrients that could
satisfy the survival of Mangsalut River. This can be compared with the study done by
Coles et al. (2011) regarding the Metropolitan areas in the United States where the
development hinder the stream ecosystem. This is to provide the local people with
employment, housing, medical services, education and recreation. Their study emphasize on the effect of urban development are particularly evident in the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of local streams. The natural vegetation and native
topsoil being replaced with impervious cover (rooftops and pavement, such as roads,
parking lots and drive-ways) that block the infiltration of rain into the ground.
There is also problem with the urban development on the branch river that is connected
to the Mangsalut River. In Sungai Lambak, the river was now being altered to a
concrete riverbed and river channel. Beside the Lambak River, there is land reclamation occurred to make way for buildings and houses (Stewart 1986a, b; Robertson
and Alongi 1992).
However, one of the building during the self-trip to the sight, we bumped to
a house that was abandoned (Refer to Figs. 4.17 and 4.18). As we study the area,
the house was clearly tilted and unsafe for people to make it as resident area.
The house in Fig. 4.17 shows the evidence of a failed urban development. The
Sungai Antong
Sungai Orok
Sungai Salambigar
Sungai Tilong
Sungai Tanah Jambu
Sungai Hanching
Sungai in Lambak
Intertidal flat
Small River
Fig. 4.16 Shows the rivers that are urbanized and are connected with the Mangsalut River (Photo
taken by authors, 2015)
4 Impacts of Coastal Land Use Changes on Mangrove Wetlands at Sungai Mangsalut…