Seedling Recruitment
101
brought about the low production observed in some holm oak stands (Floret
et al. 1989) and led to the eventual degradation of these forests. Nevertheless,
little is known about the long-term history of holm oak forests, but Barbero
(1988) considers that some of the present holm oak stands date from the
Middle Ages, and show no evident signs of decline. In agreement with this
opinion, holm oak in our experimental area at Prades shows a marked
growth response when site conditions are improved either through additions
of soil resources (Chap. 13) or through thinning (Chap. 23).
References
Aschmann H (1984) A restrictive definition of Mediterranean climates. Bull Soc Bot Fr 131:21-30
Barbero M (1988) Caracterisation de quelques structures et architectures forestieres des arbres
et arbustes a feuilles persistantes de l'etage mediterraneen. Rev For Fr 40:371-380
Barbero M, Loisel R, Quezel P (1992) Biogeography, ecology and history of Mediterranean Quercus ilex ecosystems. Vegetatio 99/100:19-34
Bazzaz FA, Miao SL (1993) Successional status, seed size, and responses of tree seedlings to CO2,
light, and nutrients. Ecology 74:104-112
Bazzaz FA, Wayne PM (1994) Coping with environmental heterogeneity: the physiological ecology of tree seedling regeneration across the gap-understory continuum. In: Caldwell MM,
Pearcy RW (eds) Exploitation of environmental heterogeneity by plants. Academic Press, San
Diego, pp 349-390
Blondel J, Aronson J (1995) Biodiversity and ecosystem function in the Mediterranean Basin:
human and non-human determinants. In: Davis GW, Richardson DM (eds) Mediterraneantype ecosystems. The function of biodiversity. Springer, Berlin, pp 43-120
Bran D, Lobreaux 0, Maistre M, Perret P, Romane F (1990) Germination of Quercus ilex and Q.
pubescens in a Q. ilex coppice. Long-term consequences. Vegetatio 87:45-50
Broncano MJ (1995) Estudio experimental de los factores que afectan a la germinaci6n y el
establecimiento del pino carrasco y la encina. MSc Thesis, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona
Canham CD (1988) Growth and canopy architecture of shade-tolerant trees: response to canopy
gaps. Ecology 69:786-795
Causton DR, Venus JC (1981) The biometry of plant growth. Edward Arnold, London
Ceballos L, Ruiz de la Torre J (1979) Arboles y arbustos. Publicaciones ETSIM, Madrid
Crawley MJ (1990) Life history and environment. In: Crawley MJ (ed) Plant ecology. Blackwell
Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp 253-291
Crawley MJ (1992) Seed predators and plant population dynamics. In: Fenner M (ed) Seeds. The
ecology of regeneration in plant communities. CAB International, Wallingford, pp 157-192
Crow TR (1988) Reproductive mode and mechanisms for self-replacement of northern red oak
(Quercus rubra) - a review. For Sci 34:19-40
Crow TR (1992) Population dynamics and growth patterns for a cohort of northern red oak
(Quercus rubra) seedlings. Oecologia 91:192-200
Cuartas P, Garda-Gonzalez R (1992) Quercus ilex browse utilization by Caprini in Sierra of Cazaria and Segura (Spain). Vegetatio 99/100:317-330
Denslow JS (1987) Tropical rainforest gaps and tree species diversity. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 18:
431-451
Ducrey M (1992) Quelle sylviculture et quel avenir pour les taillis de chene vert (Quercus ilex L.)
de la region mediterraneenne. Rev For Fr 44:12-34
Ducrey M, Boisserie M (1992) Recru naturel dans des taillis de chene vert (Quercus ilex) 11 la
suite d'exploitations partielles. Ann Sci For 49:91-109
101
brought about the low production observed in some holm oak stands (Floret
et al. 1989) and led to the eventual degradation of these forests. Nevertheless,
little is known about the long-term history of holm oak forests, but Barbero
(1988) considers that some of the present holm oak stands date from the
Middle Ages, and show no evident signs of decline. In agreement with this
opinion, holm oak in our experimental area at Prades shows a marked
growth response when site conditions are improved either through additions
of soil resources (Chap. 13) or through thinning (Chap. 23).
References
Aschmann H (1984) A restrictive definition of Mediterranean climates. Bull Soc Bot Fr 131:21-30
Barbero M (1988) Caracterisation de quelques structures et architectures forestieres des arbres
et arbustes a feuilles persistantes de l'etage mediterraneen. Rev For Fr 40:371-380
Barbero M, Loisel R, Quezel P (1992) Biogeography, ecology and history of Mediterranean Quercus ilex ecosystems. Vegetatio 99/100:19-34
Bazzaz FA, Miao SL (1993) Successional status, seed size, and responses of tree seedlings to CO2,
light, and nutrients. Ecology 74:104-112
Bazzaz FA, Wayne PM (1994) Coping with environmental heterogeneity: the physiological ecology of tree seedling regeneration across the gap-understory continuum. In: Caldwell MM,
Pearcy RW (eds) Exploitation of environmental heterogeneity by plants. Academic Press, San
Diego, pp 349-390
Blondel J, Aronson J (1995) Biodiversity and ecosystem function in the Mediterranean Basin:
human and non-human determinants. In: Davis GW, Richardson DM (eds) Mediterraneantype ecosystems. The function of biodiversity. Springer, Berlin, pp 43-120
Bran D, Lobreaux 0, Maistre M, Perret P, Romane F (1990) Germination of Quercus ilex and Q.
pubescens in a Q. ilex coppice. Long-term consequences. Vegetatio 87:45-50
Broncano MJ (1995) Estudio experimental de los factores que afectan a la germinaci6n y el
establecimiento del pino carrasco y la encina. MSc Thesis, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona
Canham CD (1988) Growth and canopy architecture of shade-tolerant trees: response to canopy
gaps. Ecology 69:786-795
Causton DR, Venus JC (1981) The biometry of plant growth. Edward Arnold, London
Ceballos L, Ruiz de la Torre J (1979) Arboles y arbustos. Publicaciones ETSIM, Madrid
Crawley MJ (1990) Life history and environment. In: Crawley MJ (ed) Plant ecology. Blackwell
Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp 253-291
Crawley MJ (1992) Seed predators and plant population dynamics. In: Fenner M (ed) Seeds. The
ecology of regeneration in plant communities. CAB International, Wallingford, pp 157-192
Crow TR (1988) Reproductive mode and mechanisms for self-replacement of northern red oak
(Quercus rubra) - a review. For Sci 34:19-40
Crow TR (1992) Population dynamics and growth patterns for a cohort of northern red oak
(Quercus rubra) seedlings. Oecologia 91:192-200
Cuartas P, Garda-Gonzalez R (1992) Quercus ilex browse utilization by Caprini in Sierra of Cazaria and Segura (Spain). Vegetatio 99/100:317-330
Denslow JS (1987) Tropical rainforest gaps and tree species diversity. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 18:
431-451
Ducrey M (1992) Quelle sylviculture et quel avenir pour les taillis de chene vert (Quercus ilex L.)
de la region mediterraneenne. Rev For Fr 44:12-34
Ducrey M, Boisserie M (1992) Recru naturel dans des taillis de chene vert (Quercus ilex) 11 la
suite d'exploitations partielles. Ann Sci For 49:91-109