566
canopy (cont.)
normalized difference vegetation index
(NDVI) 515
reflectance 514
structure 409, 438
sun flecks 344
water use 164
carbon balance 129
carotene (see also xanthophyll) 36, 39ff
absorption spectra 41
pool size 39ff
cell wall volume 108ff
growth 110
pH 113
chlorophyll
content
aquatic plants 304, 306
terrestrial plants 25
fluorescence 29
remote sensing 518
CO 2
ambient concentrations 328, 530, 555
buffer 115
compensation point 322
concentrating mechanism 310, 323
aquatic plants 311
C4 plants 534
lichens 320
diffusion 320
fluorescence 58ff
intercellular concentration 149
photo respiration 89
respiration 88
stomata 241
deserts
drought duration 368
habitats 362
life form distribution 361ff, 376
photosynthetic adaptation 370ff
precipitation variation 363, 364
summer vs winter rainfall 384ff
temperatures 369
use of ground water 386
desiccation tolerance 320
elevated CO 2
atmospheric, geological time 531, 555
C3 vs C4 plants 530, 539
effects of increase 256, 559
environmental gradients 382ff
evaporation 383
summer/winter rainfall 384
tundra 437
extracellular enzymes 109
pH dependence 110
Subject Index
peroxidase 109
fluorescence 29ff, 49ff, 60, 536, 555
CO 2 effects 59
energy dissipation 26ff
kinetics 51ff
measurement 51ff
in situ 62
rapid fluorescence 51
saturation pulse method 55
steady state conditions 54
nonphotochemicaI quenching (NPQ) 29ff,
37, 50, 57
nonradiative dissipation (NRD) 29ff, 34ff,
50
mechanism 41ff, 57
nonassimilatory electron flow 58ff
ozone 54
proton gradient 56, 60
remote sensing 520
parameters (F, F o ' Fm) 29, 51ff, 56, 64
quenching coefficients 56
stress 32, 36, 38, 64, 263
xanthophyll cycle 34, 36ff
forest decline 279ff
future perspectives of photosynthesis
research 561
galls 394
gas exchange (see also photosynthesis)
canopies 409ff
ecosystem 447ff
leaves 463ff, 491ff
soil 446
global change 559
future perspectives of photosynthesis
research 561
halophytes 247ff
C4 plant distribution 542ff
carbon balance 303
photosynthesis 503ff, 559
productivity 302
glycolate pathway 82
gmax (maximum leaf conductance) 463ff
definitions 464ff
herbaceous vegetation 473
vegetation types 470
woody vegetations 472
gmin (minimum leaf conductance) 465ff
definitions 465ff
vegetation types 475
growth 111, 157ff, 557
allocation 153, 557
analysis 148
assimilatory starch 126
component growth rate 149
canopy (cont.)
normalized difference vegetation index
(NDVI) 515
reflectance 514
structure 409, 438
sun flecks 344
water use 164
carbon balance 129
carotene (see also xanthophyll) 36, 39ff
absorption spectra 41
pool size 39ff
cell wall volume 108ff
growth 110
pH 113
chlorophyll
content
aquatic plants 304, 306
terrestrial plants 25
fluorescence 29
remote sensing 518
CO 2
ambient concentrations 328, 530, 555
buffer 115
compensation point 322
concentrating mechanism 310, 323
aquatic plants 311
C4 plants 534
lichens 320
diffusion 320
fluorescence 58ff
intercellular concentration 149
photo respiration 89
respiration 88
stomata 241
deserts
drought duration 368
habitats 362
life form distribution 361ff, 376
photosynthetic adaptation 370ff
precipitation variation 363, 364
summer vs winter rainfall 384ff
temperatures 369
use of ground water 386
desiccation tolerance 320
elevated CO 2
atmospheric, geological time 531, 555
C3 vs C4 plants 530, 539
effects of increase 256, 559
environmental gradients 382ff
evaporation 383
summer/winter rainfall 384
tundra 437
extracellular enzymes 109
pH dependence 110
Subject Index
peroxidase 109
fluorescence 29ff, 49ff, 60, 536, 555
CO 2 effects 59
energy dissipation 26ff
kinetics 51ff
measurement 51ff
in situ 62
rapid fluorescence 51
saturation pulse method 55
steady state conditions 54
nonphotochemicaI quenching (NPQ) 29ff,
37, 50, 57
nonradiative dissipation (NRD) 29ff, 34ff,
50
mechanism 41ff, 57
nonassimilatory electron flow 58ff
ozone 54
proton gradient 56, 60
remote sensing 520
parameters (F, F o ' Fm) 29, 51ff, 56, 64
quenching coefficients 56
stress 32, 36, 38, 64, 263
xanthophyll cycle 34, 36ff
forest decline 279ff
future perspectives of photosynthesis
research 561
galls 394
gas exchange (see also photosynthesis)
canopies 409ff
ecosystem 447ff
leaves 463ff, 491ff
soil 446
global change 559
future perspectives of photosynthesis
research 561
halophytes 247ff
C4 plant distribution 542ff
carbon balance 303
photosynthesis 503ff, 559
productivity 302
glycolate pathway 82
gmax (maximum leaf conductance) 463ff
definitions 464ff
herbaceous vegetation 473
vegetation types 470
woody vegetations 472
gmin (minimum leaf conductance) 465ff
definitions 465ff
vegetation types 475
growth 111, 157ff, 557
allocation 153, 557
analysis 148
assimilatory starch 126
component growth rate 149