Index
Simple random sample (SRS), 80-81
Simulation, 127
and assessing dynamic patterns, 344, 347-348
interactive, 126
model data management, 171
modeling for determining historic range of
variability, 283-284
Site selection, biased, 75
Size distribution, as an attribute of disturbance
regimes, 343
SMARTFOREST,176
Smithsonian InstitutionlMan and the Biosphere
Biological Diversity (SIIMAB) program, 72-73
Smog, 420
SNEP,95
Social accounting matrix (SAM), 314
Social boundaries, effect on ecosystem, 409
Social conflict management, 164
Social science perspectives, 417-418
Socioeconomic impact assessment (SIA), 249
Solow, Kenneth, 237
Southern Appalachia case study, 472-488
Southern Appalachian Man and the Biosphere
(SAMAB) program, 94, 166,472
Space ImaginglEOSAT, 142
Spatial and nonspatial data management, 171
Spatial autocorrelation, 192
Spatial automata, 258-259
Spatial data analysis
analytical issues in, 189
definitions and assumptions in, 191-192
and landscape metrics, 196--197
practical issues in, 189-191
and spatial statistics, 192-196
spatial structure in EA data, 188-189
statistical framework for, 191
Spatial Data Transfer Standards (SDTS), 157
Spatial dependency, 192
Spatial distribution
as an attribute of disturbance regimes, 343
and land cover, 407
Spatially referenced species records, 95
Spatial scale
disturbances and, 341
human activity and, 404
Spatial separatism, 426
Special use designations, 408
Species of special concern, 439-442
Specificity, of disturbances, 340
Spectral unmixing, 407
SPECTRUM, 174
SPOT Imaging Corporation, 142
Stability, 18, 60--61
Standard error, 82
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC), 248
Standards
for data collection, 74
for geospatial data, 137
for information output, 157-158
Stated preference, as an approach to nonmarket
valuation, 235-238
Static, 115
Stationarity assumption, 192
Statistics
statistical inference
experimental design, 81
populations and probability samples, 80
probability samples, 80--81
statistical methods
bias, precision, and accuracy, 82-83
confidence intervals, 83
Stratified random sampling (SRS), 85-86, 99-102
Stratified sampling (SS), 97-102
Stratified semirandom sampling (SSRS), 97-102
Stratified systematic sampling, 87
Stream classification, 356-358
Structure
as the distribution of resources, 426
of landscapes, 33-34
structuring processes, 17
Subclasses, 115
Subcoregions, 394
Subdivision, 43
Subdivision Control Act (SCA), 414
Subregions, 144--145
535
Successional stage approach, to assessing disturbances,
346
Supply/demand, 228-229
Surface pattern methods, in spatial statistics, 192-193
Surprise events, 3
Survey records, and historical range of variability,
280--281
SVS, 176
Synergisms, among disturbances, 340
Systematic and cluster sampling, 86--87
System dynamics, 3
chaotic, 34--35
examples of, 41-42
self-organized criticality, 35
simple, 34
transient, 35-36
Tactical planning. See Project-level planning
TEM,47
Template concept, 368-369
Temporal characteristics, of disturbances, 340
Temporal scale
disturbances and, 341-342, 343
human activity and, 404
Terrestrial disturbance regime, 340--343
Terrestrial dynamic pattern, 339-340
Terrestrial ecological units, 360--361
Test statistic, 83
Thematic Mapper (TM), 96
Time, and society-environment interactions, 431-432
Top-down approach to ecosystem characterization,
43-44
TOPMODEL, 265
Topological integrated geographic encoding and
referencing (TIGER), 410
Total value, 228-229
Tragedy of the commons, 417
Simple random sample (SRS), 80-81
Simulation, 127
and assessing dynamic patterns, 344, 347-348
interactive, 126
model data management, 171
modeling for determining historic range of
variability, 283-284
Site selection, biased, 75
Size distribution, as an attribute of disturbance
regimes, 343
SMARTFOREST,176
Smithsonian InstitutionlMan and the Biosphere
Biological Diversity (SIIMAB) program, 72-73
Smog, 420
SNEP,95
Social accounting matrix (SAM), 314
Social boundaries, effect on ecosystem, 409
Social conflict management, 164
Social science perspectives, 417-418
Socioeconomic impact assessment (SIA), 249
Solow, Kenneth, 237
Southern Appalachia case study, 472-488
Southern Appalachian Man and the Biosphere
(SAMAB) program, 94, 166,472
Space ImaginglEOSAT, 142
Spatial and nonspatial data management, 171
Spatial autocorrelation, 192
Spatial automata, 258-259
Spatial data analysis
analytical issues in, 189
definitions and assumptions in, 191-192
and landscape metrics, 196--197
practical issues in, 189-191
and spatial statistics, 192-196
spatial structure in EA data, 188-189
statistical framework for, 191
Spatial Data Transfer Standards (SDTS), 157
Spatial dependency, 192
Spatial distribution
as an attribute of disturbance regimes, 343
and land cover, 407
Spatially referenced species records, 95
Spatial scale
disturbances and, 341
human activity and, 404
Spatial separatism, 426
Special use designations, 408
Species of special concern, 439-442
Specificity, of disturbances, 340
Spectral unmixing, 407
SPECTRUM, 174
SPOT Imaging Corporation, 142
Stability, 18, 60--61
Standard error, 82
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC), 248
Standards
for data collection, 74
for geospatial data, 137
for information output, 157-158
Stated preference, as an approach to nonmarket
valuation, 235-238
Static, 115
Stationarity assumption, 192
Statistics
statistical inference
experimental design, 81
populations and probability samples, 80
probability samples, 80--81
statistical methods
bias, precision, and accuracy, 82-83
confidence intervals, 83
Stratified random sampling (SRS), 85-86, 99-102
Stratified sampling (SS), 97-102
Stratified semirandom sampling (SSRS), 97-102
Stratified systematic sampling, 87
Stream classification, 356-358
Structure
as the distribution of resources, 426
of landscapes, 33-34
structuring processes, 17
Subclasses, 115
Subcoregions, 394
Subdivision, 43
Subdivision Control Act (SCA), 414
Subregions, 144--145
535
Successional stage approach, to assessing disturbances,
346
Supply/demand, 228-229
Surface pattern methods, in spatial statistics, 192-193
Surprise events, 3
Survey records, and historical range of variability,
280--281
SVS, 176
Synergisms, among disturbances, 340
Systematic and cluster sampling, 86--87
System dynamics, 3
chaotic, 34--35
examples of, 41-42
self-organized criticality, 35
simple, 34
transient, 35-36
Tactical planning. See Project-level planning
TEM,47
Template concept, 368-369
Temporal characteristics, of disturbances, 340
Temporal scale
disturbances and, 341-342, 343
human activity and, 404
Terrestrial disturbance regime, 340--343
Terrestrial dynamic pattern, 339-340
Terrestrial ecological units, 360--361
Test statistic, 83
Thematic Mapper (TM), 96
Time, and society-environment interactions, 431-432
Top-down approach to ecosystem characterization,
43-44
TOPMODEL, 265
Topological integrated geographic encoding and
referencing (TIGER), 410
Total value, 228-229
Tragedy of the commons, 417