Index
MAPSS, 263-264
transition matrix models, 257-259
Mojave Desert Ecosystem Science Program, 155
Monitoring, 3-4, 24-25
Montreal Process Working Group, 138
Moran's I, 194
Morosita's index, 193
MOSAIC, 261
MT -CUM, 265
Multidisciplinary teams, 122
Multimetric indexes, 393
Multipliers, 315-316
Multi-Resolution Landscape Characterization
Consortium, 139
Multistage sampling, 87
Multistage stratified semirandom sampling (MSSRS),
98-99
Multivariate analysis, of spatial data, 189
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program
(NAPAP),481
National Aerial Photography Program (NAAP), 140
National Aerospace Administration (NASA), 139, 152
National Archives and Records Administration, 142
National Center for Geographical Information and
Analysis (NCGIA), 151
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969,
1,520,521
National Forest Management Act, 165,520
National High Altitude Photography Program (NHAP),
140
National Institute of Standards and Technology
(NlST),157
National Land Cover Characterization program, 95
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA), 139, 236--237
National Park Service Organic Act, 520
National Park Service Vegetation Mapping System, 142
National particulate matter standard (NAAQS), 480
National Satellite Land Remote Sensing Data Archive,
95
National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI), 113, 157
National Stream Survey (NSS), 89-90, 481
National Surface Water Survey (NSWS), 89-90
National Transportation Atlas Databases, 406
National Vegetation Classification System (NVCS),
141-142
Natural Heritage Program, 95
Natural periodicity, 338
Natural resources management (NRM), 420
Nature Conservancy, The, 95, 294, 358, 359
Nearest neighbor statistics, 193
NED,174
Net primary production (NPP), 47-48
NOAA Coastal Change and Analysis Program
(C-CAP), 407
Nonmarket valuation. See Valuation
Nonnormality, 192
Nonprobability and gradient directed transect sampling,
88-89
Nonrival goods, 234
Nonstationarity, 192
Nonuse (existence) value, 235
533
Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), 454
North American Landscape Characterization (NALC),
139,408
Northern Forest Lands Council, 489-495
Northern Forest Lands Study, 489-495
NOYELP, 261
Nugget variance, 194
Numerical summary, in spatial analysis, 189
Object-oriented analysis, 126
Observational approach, to assessing disturbance
patterns, 344, 346--347
Observer-dependent bias, 188
Off line storage, 110
Oil and gas extraction, effect on ecosystem, 409
On-line storage, 110
Optimal operating point, 19
Optimizing algorithm, 298
Option value, 234-235
Ownership boundaries, 412
Ozone, 481
Paleohydrological analyses, 370
Partial redundancy analysis (RDA), 196
Partnerships, 301
Patch hierarchical scaling, 204
Patch-mosaic theory, 392
Pattern analysis, 361
Perceived employment opportunity model, 425
Percent crown closure, derived from remote sensing, 141
Percolation theory, 206--208
Perimeter versus area relationships, 202
Periodicity, as a characteristic of disturbances, 341
Phase transitions, 206--208
Photography. See also Digital photography
for historical range of variability, 282-283
Pielou's hierarchical diversity index, 203
Plant macrofossil assemblages, 277-279
Point pattern methods, in spatial statistics, 192-194
Policy implications, 418
Political ecology, 409-412, 417, 418
Pollen count analysis, 276--277
Population
control,417
density, 437, 439
distribution, 422-423
and probability samples, 80
Potential response unit (PRU), 328
Potential vegetation (PV), 322, 328
Power, and society-environment interaction, 418, 420,
426
Prediction, 82-83
of ecosystem behavior, 20-21, 25
and ecosystem characterization, 41
of ecosystem properties, 46-48
and limits to predictability, 3
and predictive mapping, 157
MAPSS, 263-264
transition matrix models, 257-259
Mojave Desert Ecosystem Science Program, 155
Monitoring, 3-4, 24-25
Montreal Process Working Group, 138
Moran's I, 194
Morosita's index, 193
MOSAIC, 261
MT -CUM, 265
Multidisciplinary teams, 122
Multimetric indexes, 393
Multipliers, 315-316
Multi-Resolution Landscape Characterization
Consortium, 139
Multistage sampling, 87
Multistage stratified semirandom sampling (MSSRS),
98-99
Multivariate analysis, of spatial data, 189
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program
(NAPAP),481
National Aerial Photography Program (NAAP), 140
National Aerospace Administration (NASA), 139, 152
National Archives and Records Administration, 142
National Center for Geographical Information and
Analysis (NCGIA), 151
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969,
1,520,521
National Forest Management Act, 165,520
National High Altitude Photography Program (NHAP),
140
National Institute of Standards and Technology
(NlST),157
National Land Cover Characterization program, 95
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA), 139, 236--237
National Park Service Organic Act, 520
National Park Service Vegetation Mapping System, 142
National particulate matter standard (NAAQS), 480
National Satellite Land Remote Sensing Data Archive,
95
National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI), 113, 157
National Stream Survey (NSS), 89-90, 481
National Surface Water Survey (NSWS), 89-90
National Transportation Atlas Databases, 406
National Vegetation Classification System (NVCS),
141-142
Natural Heritage Program, 95
Natural periodicity, 338
Natural resources management (NRM), 420
Nature Conservancy, The, 95, 294, 358, 359
Nearest neighbor statistics, 193
NED,174
Net primary production (NPP), 47-48
NOAA Coastal Change and Analysis Program
(C-CAP), 407
Nonmarket valuation. See Valuation
Nonnormality, 192
Nonprobability and gradient directed transect sampling,
88-89
Nonrival goods, 234
Nonstationarity, 192
Nonuse (existence) value, 235
533
Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), 454
North American Landscape Characterization (NALC),
139,408
Northern Forest Lands Council, 489-495
Northern Forest Lands Study, 489-495
NOYELP, 261
Nugget variance, 194
Numerical summary, in spatial analysis, 189
Object-oriented analysis, 126
Observational approach, to assessing disturbance
patterns, 344, 346--347
Observer-dependent bias, 188
Off line storage, 110
Oil and gas extraction, effect on ecosystem, 409
On-line storage, 110
Optimal operating point, 19
Optimizing algorithm, 298
Option value, 234-235
Ownership boundaries, 412
Ozone, 481
Paleohydrological analyses, 370
Partial redundancy analysis (RDA), 196
Partnerships, 301
Patch hierarchical scaling, 204
Patch-mosaic theory, 392
Pattern analysis, 361
Perceived employment opportunity model, 425
Percent crown closure, derived from remote sensing, 141
Percolation theory, 206--208
Perimeter versus area relationships, 202
Periodicity, as a characteristic of disturbances, 341
Phase transitions, 206--208
Photography. See also Digital photography
for historical range of variability, 282-283
Pielou's hierarchical diversity index, 203
Plant macrofossil assemblages, 277-279
Point pattern methods, in spatial statistics, 192-194
Policy implications, 418
Political ecology, 409-412, 417, 418
Pollen count analysis, 276--277
Population
control,417
density, 437, 439
distribution, 422-423
and probability samples, 80
Potential response unit (PRU), 328
Potential vegetation (PV), 322, 328
Power, and society-environment interaction, 418, 420,
426
Prediction, 82-83
of ecosystem behavior, 20-21, 25
and ecosystem characterization, 41
of ecosystem properties, 46-48
and limits to predictability, 3
and predictive mapping, 157