Index
Derived data sets, 109
Desired future condition (DFC), 175
Diagnostic characteristics, 44-46
DIASIDEEM (Dynamic Infonnation Architecture
Systeml Dynamic Environmental Effects
Model), 177
Diffusion, in spatial analysis, 188-189
Digital data products, 109
Digital elevation models (DEM), 135, 153, 438
Digital imagery, 138-139
Digital line graphs (DLGs), 154, 405, 412
Digital orthophoto quadrangle (DOQ), 135, 140
Digital photography, 126, 135, 140
Direct methods, for nonmarket valuation, 235-238
Dispersal, in spatial analysis, 189
Disturbances, 146. See also Fire; Flood events
attributes of, 343-344
definition of, 338, 340-343
and ecological modeling, 347-348
history of, 344-346
interpreting observational data, 346-347
remote sensing and, 146-148
spatial characteristics of, 340
Dominant discharge, 378
Double sampling, 89
Dynamic equilibrium, 368
Dynamic interactions, 342-343
Dynamics. See System dynamics
Earth Observing System (EOS), 152
ECADS,96
ECOLECON, 261
Ecological assessment (EA). See also Integrated
Regional Ecological Assessment (IREA)
adaptive, 55-68
and analysis of pattern-process relations, 25-26
based on land-use planning, 1, 13
general properties of, 21-26
human activity and, 404-415
and infonnation management (See Infonnation
Management)
integrated, 1-5
overview of, 1-2
principles and applications, 13-28
project-level, I
purpose, 1, 21
regulatory, 1, 13
relation to adaptive resource planning, 3-5
relation to ecosystem management, 2-3
scope and nature, 1
strategic, 1-2
theoretical framework for, 29-39
Ecological fallacy, 427-428
Ecological land classification (ELC)
applications of, 324-328
examples of major ELCs, 328-330
examples of use of ELCs, 331-333
principles and methods of, 321-324
Ecological land unit (ELU), 322
Ecological risk assessment, 1-2, 13
Ecological stability. See Stability
ECOMAP, 353-356, 358
Economic impact analysis (EIA), 221
forecasting economic impacts, 315-316
IMPLAN,312-313
including ecological, demographic, and social
variables, 314
input-output modeling, 307-312
problems in EIA modeling, 316-317
REMI,313
RIMS, 313-314
role in the ecological assessment, 247
transforming I/O models to a linear programming
fonnat,314-315
Economics. See also Valuation
advancing integrated ecosystem assessments, 253
aggregation for regional analysis, 248
529
derived demand for natural resources and environmental services, 246
ecological and demographic accounts integrated with
economic accounts, 251-252
economic impact assessments integrated with SIAs
andEIAs,252-253
economic value, 226-228
incidence of cost/benefit, 247
linkages of environment to, 245-246
microeconomic analysis, 248
microeconomic approach, 248
model building, 253
need for stock and flow infonnation, 247-248
regional accounts in economic impact assessment,
250-251
regional economic impact analysis, 248-249
regional economic structure, 246
role of economic impact assessment in ecological
assessment, 247
socioeconomic impact assessment, 249
Economies of scale, 422
Ecoregions, 143-145
Ecosystem characterization
by agglomeration, 43-44
boundaries, 43
classification, 42
general description of, 41-42
impact of grain and extent on, 48-49
prediction of ecosystem properties, 46-48
regionalization-mapping, 42-43
selection of diagnostic characteristics, 44-46
by subdivision, 43-44
Ecosystem dynamics
assessment and, 343-349
and ecosystem composition, 343
and ecosystem function, 343
ecosystem parameters affected by ecosystem
dynamics, 343
and ecosystem structure, 343
overview, 338-339
terrestrial disturbance regime, 340-343
terrestrial dynamic pattern, 339-340
value of multiscale approach and adaptive
management, 349-350
Ecosystem Infonnation System (EIS), 113, 114-117
Derived data sets, 109
Desired future condition (DFC), 175
Diagnostic characteristics, 44-46
DIASIDEEM (Dynamic Infonnation Architecture
Systeml Dynamic Environmental Effects
Model), 177
Diffusion, in spatial analysis, 188-189
Digital data products, 109
Digital elevation models (DEM), 135, 153, 438
Digital imagery, 138-139
Digital line graphs (DLGs), 154, 405, 412
Digital orthophoto quadrangle (DOQ), 135, 140
Digital photography, 126, 135, 140
Direct methods, for nonmarket valuation, 235-238
Dispersal, in spatial analysis, 189
Disturbances, 146. See also Fire; Flood events
attributes of, 343-344
definition of, 338, 340-343
and ecological modeling, 347-348
history of, 344-346
interpreting observational data, 346-347
remote sensing and, 146-148
spatial characteristics of, 340
Dominant discharge, 378
Double sampling, 89
Dynamic equilibrium, 368
Dynamic interactions, 342-343
Dynamics. See System dynamics
Earth Observing System (EOS), 152
ECADS,96
ECOLECON, 261
Ecological assessment (EA). See also Integrated
Regional Ecological Assessment (IREA)
adaptive, 55-68
and analysis of pattern-process relations, 25-26
based on land-use planning, 1, 13
general properties of, 21-26
human activity and, 404-415
and infonnation management (See Infonnation
Management)
integrated, 1-5
overview of, 1-2
principles and applications, 13-28
project-level, I
purpose, 1, 21
regulatory, 1, 13
relation to adaptive resource planning, 3-5
relation to ecosystem management, 2-3
scope and nature, 1
strategic, 1-2
theoretical framework for, 29-39
Ecological fallacy, 427-428
Ecological land classification (ELC)
applications of, 324-328
examples of major ELCs, 328-330
examples of use of ELCs, 331-333
principles and methods of, 321-324
Ecological land unit (ELU), 322
Ecological risk assessment, 1-2, 13
Ecological stability. See Stability
ECOMAP, 353-356, 358
Economic impact analysis (EIA), 221
forecasting economic impacts, 315-316
IMPLAN,312-313
including ecological, demographic, and social
variables, 314
input-output modeling, 307-312
problems in EIA modeling, 316-317
REMI,313
RIMS, 313-314
role in the ecological assessment, 247
transforming I/O models to a linear programming
fonnat,314-315
Economics. See also Valuation
advancing integrated ecosystem assessments, 253
aggregation for regional analysis, 248
529
derived demand for natural resources and environmental services, 246
ecological and demographic accounts integrated with
economic accounts, 251-252
economic impact assessments integrated with SIAs
andEIAs,252-253
economic value, 226-228
incidence of cost/benefit, 247
linkages of environment to, 245-246
microeconomic analysis, 248
microeconomic approach, 248
model building, 253
need for stock and flow infonnation, 247-248
regional accounts in economic impact assessment,
250-251
regional economic impact analysis, 248-249
regional economic structure, 246
role of economic impact assessment in ecological
assessment, 247
socioeconomic impact assessment, 249
Economies of scale, 422
Ecoregions, 143-145
Ecosystem characterization
by agglomeration, 43-44
boundaries, 43
classification, 42
general description of, 41-42
impact of grain and extent on, 48-49
prediction of ecosystem properties, 46-48
regionalization-mapping, 42-43
selection of diagnostic characteristics, 44-46
by subdivision, 43-44
Ecosystem dynamics
assessment and, 343-349
and ecosystem composition, 343
and ecosystem function, 343
ecosystem parameters affected by ecosystem
dynamics, 343
and ecosystem structure, 343
overview, 338-339
terrestrial disturbance regime, 340-343
terrestrial dynamic pattern, 339-340
value of multiscale approach and adaptive
management, 349-350
Ecosystem Infonnation System (EIS), 113, 114-117