434
Assessing Human Processes in Society-Environment Interactions
Nairobi: United Nations Environment ProgramrneDivision of Environmental Information and Assessment.
Campbell, D. J. 1998. Towards an analytical framework
for land use change. In: Bergstrom, L.; Kirschmann,
H., eds. Carbon and nutrient dynamics in tropical
agro-ecosystems. Wallingford, UK: CAB International: 281-301.
Campbell, D. J.; Olson, J. M. 1991. Frameworkfor environment and development: the Kite. CASID Occasional Paper No. 10. East Lansing, MI: Center for Advanced Study ofInternational Development, Michigan
State University.
Castro, A P. 1995. Facing Kirinyaga: a social history
of forest commons in southern Mount Kenya. London:
Intermediate Technology Publications.
CIESIN (Consortium for International Earth Science Information Network). 1992. Pathways of understanding. The interactions of humanity and global environmental change. University Center, MI: Consortium for
International Earth Science Information Network.
Colby, M. E. 1990. Environmental management in development: the evolution of paradigms. World Bank
Discussion Paper 80. Washington, DC: The World
Bank.
De Cola, L. 1994. Simulating and mapping spatial complexity using multi-scale techniques. Int. J. Geogr. Inf
Syst. 8(5):411-427.
Dewees, P. A. 1993. Social and economic incentives for
small-holder tree growing: a case study from Murang' a District, Kenya. Community Forestry Case
Study Series 5. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization.
Ecological Economics. 1995. 15:2.
Ehrlich, A. H.; Ehrlich, P. R. 1987. Earth. New York:
Franklin Watts.
Ehrlich, P. R.; Ehrlich, A H. 1990. The population explosion: why isn't everyone as scared as we are? Amicus J. 12(1):22-29.
Fratkin, E. 1997. Pastoralism: governance and development issues. Ann. Rev. Anthropol. 26:235-261.
Giddens, A. 1982. Classes, power, and conflict: classical and contemporary debates. Berkeley. CA: University of California Press.
Gore, C. G. 1984. Regions in question: space, development theory, and regional policy. London and New
York: Methuen.
Haggett, P. 1983. Geography: a modern synthesis. New
York: Harper & Row.
Hall, F. G.; Strabel, D. E.; Sellers, P. J. 1988. Linking
knowledge among spatial and temporal scales: vegetation, atmosphere, climate and remote sensing. Landscape Ecol. 2(1):3-22.
Hardin, G. J. 1968. The tragedy of the commons. Science 162:1243-1248.
Hardin, G. 1. 1974. Living on a lifeboat. BioScience
24(10):561-568.
Hardin, G. J. 1992. Cultural carrying capacity: a biological approach to human problems. Focus 2(3):16-24.
Hardin, G. J. 1993. Living within limits: ecology, economics, and popUlation taboos. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hardin, G. J.; Baden, J., editors. 1977. Managing the
commons. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.
Harvey, D. W. 1968. Processes, patterns and scale problems in geographical research. Trans. Inst. Brit. Geogra.45:71-78.
Harvey, D. W. 1973. Social justice and the city. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Harvey, D. W. 1974. Population, resources and the ideology of science. Econ. Geogr. 50:256-277.
Harvey, D. W. 1996. Justice, nature and the geography
of difference. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers.
Houghton, J. T.; Jenkins, G. J.; Ephraums, J. J., editors.
1990. Climate change: the IPCC scientific assessment.
Cambridge for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University
Press.
IGBP (International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme).
1994. IGBP in action: work plan 1994-1998. IGBP
Global Change Report 28. Stockholm: International
Geosphere-Biosphere Programme.
Izac, A. M. N.; Swift, M. 1. 1994. On agricultural sustainability and its measurement in small-scale farming
in sub-Saharan Africa. Eco/. Econ. 11:105-125.
Klijn, F.; de Haes, H. U. 1994. A hierarchical approach
to ecosystems and its implications for ecological land
classification. Landscape Ecol. 9(2):89-104.
Lam, N. S. N.; Quattrochi, D. A 1994. On the issue of
scale, resolution, and fractal analysis in the mapping
sciences. Prof Geogr. 44(1):88-98.
Lambin, E. 1992. Spatial scales, desertification, and environmental perception in the Bourgouriba Region
(Burkina Faso). Working Paper 167. Boston: African
Studies Center, Boston University.
Levin, S. A. 1992. The problem of pattern and scale in
ecology. Ecology 73(6):1943-1967.
Lima, S. L.; Zollner, P. A 1996. Towards a behavioral
ecologyofecologicallandscapes. Tree 11(3):131-135.
Lovelock, J. E. 1979. Gaia, a new look at life on earth.
Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
Lovelock, J. E. 1991. Healing Gaia: practical medicine
for the planet. New York: Harmony Books.
Malingreau, J. P.; Belward, A. S. 1992. Scale considerations in vegetation monitoring using A VHRR data.
Int. J. Remote Sens. 13(12):2289-2307.
Malthus, T. R. 1973. An essay on the principle ofpopulation. London: J. M. Dent.
Manson, G. A; Groop, R. E. 1996. Ebbs and flows in
recent U.S. interstate migration. Prof Geogr. 48(2):
156.
Massey, D. B. 1984. Spatial divisions of labor: social
structures and the geography of production. New
York: Methuen.
McGwire, K.; Friedl, M.; Estes, J. E. 1993. Spatial structure, sampling design and scale in remotely-sensed imagery of a California savanna woodland. Int. J. Remote Sens. 14(11):2137-2164.
Meentemeyer, V.; Box, E. O. 1987. Scale effects in landscape studies. In: Turner, M. G., ed. Landscape het-
Assessing Human Processes in Society-Environment Interactions
Nairobi: United Nations Environment ProgramrneDivision of Environmental Information and Assessment.
Campbell, D. J. 1998. Towards an analytical framework
for land use change. In: Bergstrom, L.; Kirschmann,
H., eds. Carbon and nutrient dynamics in tropical
agro-ecosystems. Wallingford, UK: CAB International: 281-301.
Campbell, D. J.; Olson, J. M. 1991. Frameworkfor environment and development: the Kite. CASID Occasional Paper No. 10. East Lansing, MI: Center for Advanced Study ofInternational Development, Michigan
State University.
Castro, A P. 1995. Facing Kirinyaga: a social history
of forest commons in southern Mount Kenya. London:
Intermediate Technology Publications.
CIESIN (Consortium for International Earth Science Information Network). 1992. Pathways of understanding. The interactions of humanity and global environmental change. University Center, MI: Consortium for
International Earth Science Information Network.
Colby, M. E. 1990. Environmental management in development: the evolution of paradigms. World Bank
Discussion Paper 80. Washington, DC: The World
Bank.
De Cola, L. 1994. Simulating and mapping spatial complexity using multi-scale techniques. Int. J. Geogr. Inf
Syst. 8(5):411-427.
Dewees, P. A. 1993. Social and economic incentives for
small-holder tree growing: a case study from Murang' a District, Kenya. Community Forestry Case
Study Series 5. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization.
Ecological Economics. 1995. 15:2.
Ehrlich, A. H.; Ehrlich, P. R. 1987. Earth. New York:
Franklin Watts.
Ehrlich, P. R.; Ehrlich, A H. 1990. The population explosion: why isn't everyone as scared as we are? Amicus J. 12(1):22-29.
Fratkin, E. 1997. Pastoralism: governance and development issues. Ann. Rev. Anthropol. 26:235-261.
Giddens, A. 1982. Classes, power, and conflict: classical and contemporary debates. Berkeley. CA: University of California Press.
Gore, C. G. 1984. Regions in question: space, development theory, and regional policy. London and New
York: Methuen.
Haggett, P. 1983. Geography: a modern synthesis. New
York: Harper & Row.
Hall, F. G.; Strabel, D. E.; Sellers, P. J. 1988. Linking
knowledge among spatial and temporal scales: vegetation, atmosphere, climate and remote sensing. Landscape Ecol. 2(1):3-22.
Hardin, G. J. 1968. The tragedy of the commons. Science 162:1243-1248.
Hardin, G. 1. 1974. Living on a lifeboat. BioScience
24(10):561-568.
Hardin, G. J. 1992. Cultural carrying capacity: a biological approach to human problems. Focus 2(3):16-24.
Hardin, G. J. 1993. Living within limits: ecology, economics, and popUlation taboos. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hardin, G. J.; Baden, J., editors. 1977. Managing the
commons. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.
Harvey, D. W. 1968. Processes, patterns and scale problems in geographical research. Trans. Inst. Brit. Geogra.45:71-78.
Harvey, D. W. 1973. Social justice and the city. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Harvey, D. W. 1974. Population, resources and the ideology of science. Econ. Geogr. 50:256-277.
Harvey, D. W. 1996. Justice, nature and the geography
of difference. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers.
Houghton, J. T.; Jenkins, G. J.; Ephraums, J. J., editors.
1990. Climate change: the IPCC scientific assessment.
Cambridge for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University
Press.
IGBP (International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme).
1994. IGBP in action: work plan 1994-1998. IGBP
Global Change Report 28. Stockholm: International
Geosphere-Biosphere Programme.
Izac, A. M. N.; Swift, M. 1. 1994. On agricultural sustainability and its measurement in small-scale farming
in sub-Saharan Africa. Eco/. Econ. 11:105-125.
Klijn, F.; de Haes, H. U. 1994. A hierarchical approach
to ecosystems and its implications for ecological land
classification. Landscape Ecol. 9(2):89-104.
Lam, N. S. N.; Quattrochi, D. A 1994. On the issue of
scale, resolution, and fractal analysis in the mapping
sciences. Prof Geogr. 44(1):88-98.
Lambin, E. 1992. Spatial scales, desertification, and environmental perception in the Bourgouriba Region
(Burkina Faso). Working Paper 167. Boston: African
Studies Center, Boston University.
Levin, S. A. 1992. The problem of pattern and scale in
ecology. Ecology 73(6):1943-1967.
Lima, S. L.; Zollner, P. A 1996. Towards a behavioral
ecologyofecologicallandscapes. Tree 11(3):131-135.
Lovelock, J. E. 1979. Gaia, a new look at life on earth.
Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
Lovelock, J. E. 1991. Healing Gaia: practical medicine
for the planet. New York: Harmony Books.
Malingreau, J. P.; Belward, A. S. 1992. Scale considerations in vegetation monitoring using A VHRR data.
Int. J. Remote Sens. 13(12):2289-2307.
Malthus, T. R. 1973. An essay on the principle ofpopulation. London: J. M. Dent.
Manson, G. A; Groop, R. E. 1996. Ebbs and flows in
recent U.S. interstate migration. Prof Geogr. 48(2):
156.
Massey, D. B. 1984. Spatial divisions of labor: social
structures and the geography of production. New
York: Methuen.
McGwire, K.; Friedl, M.; Estes, J. E. 1993. Spatial structure, sampling design and scale in remotely-sensed imagery of a California savanna woodland. Int. J. Remote Sens. 14(11):2137-2164.
Meentemeyer, V.; Box, E. O. 1987. Scale effects in landscape studies. In: Turner, M. G., ed. Landscape het-