28
An Overview of Ecological Assessment Principles and Applications
Kay, J. J. 1991. A nonequilibrium thermodynamic framework for discussing ecosystem integrity. Environ.
Manage. 15:483-495.
Keystone Center. 1991. Biological diversity on federal
lands. Report of a keystone policy dialogue. Keystone,
CO: Keystone Center.
Keystone Center. 1996. The keystone national policy dialogue on ecosystem management. Keystone, CO:
Keystone Center.
Klingebiel, A. A.; Montgomery, D. H. 1961. Land capability classification. Agric. Handb. 210, U.S. Dept.
Agric., Soil Conserv. Servo Washington, DC: U.S.
Govt. Printing Off.
Lee, K. N. 1993. Compass and gyroscope. Washington,
DC: Island Press.
Leopold, A. 1949. A Sand County almanac. New York:
Oxford University Press.
Lessard, G.; Jensen, M. E.; Crespi, M.; Bourgeron, P. S.
1999. A general framework for integrated ecological
assessments. In: Cordel, H. Ken; Bergstrom, John C.,
eds. Integrating social sciences with ecosystem management: human dimensions in assessment policy and
management. Champaign-Urbana, IL: Sagamore Press:
35-60.
Levin, S. A. 1992. The problem of pattern and scale in
ecology. Ecology 73:1942-1968.
Lubchenco, J.; Olson, A. M.; Brubaker, L. B.; Carpenter, S. R.; Holland, M. M.; Hubbell, S. P.; Levin,
S. A.; MacMahon, J. A.; Matson, P. A.; Melillo, J. M.;
Mooney, H. A.; Peterson, C. H.; Pulliam, H. R.; Real,
L. A.; Regal, P. 1.; Risser, P. G. 1991. The sustainable
biosphere initiative: an ecological research agenda.
Ecology 72:371-412.
Maxwell, J. R.; Edwards, C. J.; Jensen, M. E.; Paustian,
S. J.; Parrott, H.; Hill, D. M. 1995. A hierarchical
framework of aquatic ecological units in North America. NC-GTR-176. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Dept. Agric.,
For. Serv., North Central Exp. Sta.
Morrison, J. 1994. Integrating ecosystem management
and the forest planning process. In: Jensen, M. E.;
Bourgeron, P. S., tech. eds. Volume II: Ecosystem
management: principles and applications. PNW -
GTR-318. Portland, OR: U.S. Dept. Agric., For. Serv.,
Pacific Northw. Res. Sta.: 266-275.
National Research Council. 1983. Risk assessment in the
federal government: managing the process. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Olson, G. W. 1974. Land classifications. Search, Agriculture 4(7). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University.
O'Neill, R. V.; DeAngelis, D. L.; Waide, J. B.; Allen,
T. F. H. 1986. A hierarchical concept of ecosystems.
Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Overbay, J. C. 1992. Ecosystem management. In: Proceedings of the national workshop: taking an ecological approach to management. April 27-30; Salt Lake
City, UT. WO-WSA-3. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept.
Agric., For. Serv., Watershed and Air Manage.: 3-15.
Quigley, Thomas M.; Arbelbide, Sylvia J., technical editors. 1997. An assessment of ecosystem components
in the interior Columbia basin and portions of the Klamath and Great Basins: volume 1. PNW-GTR-405.
Portland, OR: U.S. Dept. Agric., For. Serv., Pacific
Northw. Res. Sta.
Rahel, F. J. 1990. The hierarchical nature of community
persistence: a problem of scale. Amer. Naturalist
136:328-344.
Rapport, D. J. 1992. Environmental assessment at the
ecosystem level: a perspective. J. Aquat. Ecosystem
Health 1:15-24.
Risk Assessment Forum (RAF). 1992. Framework for
ecological risk assessment. EPA630R92001. Washington, DC: U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency.
Robbins, William G. 1982. Lumberjacks and legislators:
political economy of the u.S. lumber industry 18901941. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University
Press.
Running, S. W.; Nemani, R. R.; Peterson, D. L.; Band,
L. E.; Potts, D. F.; Pierce, L. L.; Spanner, M. A. 1989.
Mapping regional forest evapotranspiration and photosynthesis by coupling satellite data with ecosystem
simulation. Ecology 70:1090-1101.
Samson, F. B.; Knopf, F. L. 1996. Ecosystem management: selected readings. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Slocombe, D. S. 1993. Implementing ecosystem-based
management: development of theory, practice, and research for planning and managing a region. BioScience
4:612--622.
Society of American Foresters. 1993. Sustaining longterm forest health and productivity: report of a task
force. Bethesda, MD: Society of American Foresters.
Sugihara, G.; May, R. M. 1990. Applications of fractals
in ecology. Trends Ecol. Evolut. 5:79-86.
Suter, G. W. 1993. Ecological risk assessment. Ann Arbor, MI: Lewis Publishers.
Swanson, F. J.; Jones, J. A.; Wallin, D.O.; Cissel, J. H.
1994. Natural variability: implications for ecosystem
management. In: Jensen, M. E.; Bourgeron, P. S., tech.
eds. Volume II: Ecosystem management: principles
and applications. PNW-GTR-318. Portland, OR: U.S.
Dept. Agric., For. Serv., Pacific Northw. Res. Sta.:
80-94.
Turner, M. G. 1990. Landscape changes in nine rural
counties in Georgia. Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sensing 56:379-386.
Urban, D. L.; O'Neill, R. V.; Shugart, H. H., Jr. 1987.
Landscape ecology: a hierarchical perspective can
help scientists understand spatial patterns. BioScience
37:119-127.
Wood, C. A. 1994. Ecosystem management: achieving
the new land ethic. Renewable Resour. J. 6-12.
Young, James A.; Sparks, Abbot, B. 1985. Cattle in the
cold desert. Logan, UT: Utah State University Press.
Zonneveld, I. S. 1988. Basic principles of land evaluation using vegetation and other land attributes. In:
Kuchler, A. W.; Zonneveld, I. S., eds. Vegetation mapping. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
An Overview of Ecological Assessment Principles and Applications
Kay, J. J. 1991. A nonequilibrium thermodynamic framework for discussing ecosystem integrity. Environ.
Manage. 15:483-495.
Keystone Center. 1991. Biological diversity on federal
lands. Report of a keystone policy dialogue. Keystone,
CO: Keystone Center.
Keystone Center. 1996. The keystone national policy dialogue on ecosystem management. Keystone, CO:
Keystone Center.
Klingebiel, A. A.; Montgomery, D. H. 1961. Land capability classification. Agric. Handb. 210, U.S. Dept.
Agric., Soil Conserv. Servo Washington, DC: U.S.
Govt. Printing Off.
Lee, K. N. 1993. Compass and gyroscope. Washington,
DC: Island Press.
Leopold, A. 1949. A Sand County almanac. New York:
Oxford University Press.
Lessard, G.; Jensen, M. E.; Crespi, M.; Bourgeron, P. S.
1999. A general framework for integrated ecological
assessments. In: Cordel, H. Ken; Bergstrom, John C.,
eds. Integrating social sciences with ecosystem management: human dimensions in assessment policy and
management. Champaign-Urbana, IL: Sagamore Press:
35-60.
Levin, S. A. 1992. The problem of pattern and scale in
ecology. Ecology 73:1942-1968.
Lubchenco, J.; Olson, A. M.; Brubaker, L. B.; Carpenter, S. R.; Holland, M. M.; Hubbell, S. P.; Levin,
S. A.; MacMahon, J. A.; Matson, P. A.; Melillo, J. M.;
Mooney, H. A.; Peterson, C. H.; Pulliam, H. R.; Real,
L. A.; Regal, P. 1.; Risser, P. G. 1991. The sustainable
biosphere initiative: an ecological research agenda.
Ecology 72:371-412.
Maxwell, J. R.; Edwards, C. J.; Jensen, M. E.; Paustian,
S. J.; Parrott, H.; Hill, D. M. 1995. A hierarchical
framework of aquatic ecological units in North America. NC-GTR-176. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Dept. Agric.,
For. Serv., North Central Exp. Sta.
Morrison, J. 1994. Integrating ecosystem management
and the forest planning process. In: Jensen, M. E.;
Bourgeron, P. S., tech. eds. Volume II: Ecosystem
management: principles and applications. PNW -
GTR-318. Portland, OR: U.S. Dept. Agric., For. Serv.,
Pacific Northw. Res. Sta.: 266-275.
National Research Council. 1983. Risk assessment in the
federal government: managing the process. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Olson, G. W. 1974. Land classifications. Search, Agriculture 4(7). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University.
O'Neill, R. V.; DeAngelis, D. L.; Waide, J. B.; Allen,
T. F. H. 1986. A hierarchical concept of ecosystems.
Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Overbay, J. C. 1992. Ecosystem management. In: Proceedings of the national workshop: taking an ecological approach to management. April 27-30; Salt Lake
City, UT. WO-WSA-3. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept.
Agric., For. Serv., Watershed and Air Manage.: 3-15.
Quigley, Thomas M.; Arbelbide, Sylvia J., technical editors. 1997. An assessment of ecosystem components
in the interior Columbia basin and portions of the Klamath and Great Basins: volume 1. PNW-GTR-405.
Portland, OR: U.S. Dept. Agric., For. Serv., Pacific
Northw. Res. Sta.
Rahel, F. J. 1990. The hierarchical nature of community
persistence: a problem of scale. Amer. Naturalist
136:328-344.
Rapport, D. J. 1992. Environmental assessment at the
ecosystem level: a perspective. J. Aquat. Ecosystem
Health 1:15-24.
Risk Assessment Forum (RAF). 1992. Framework for
ecological risk assessment. EPA630R92001. Washington, DC: U.S. Environ. Protect. Agency.
Robbins, William G. 1982. Lumberjacks and legislators:
political economy of the u.S. lumber industry 18901941. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University
Press.
Running, S. W.; Nemani, R. R.; Peterson, D. L.; Band,
L. E.; Potts, D. F.; Pierce, L. L.; Spanner, M. A. 1989.
Mapping regional forest evapotranspiration and photosynthesis by coupling satellite data with ecosystem
simulation. Ecology 70:1090-1101.
Samson, F. B.; Knopf, F. L. 1996. Ecosystem management: selected readings. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Slocombe, D. S. 1993. Implementing ecosystem-based
management: development of theory, practice, and research for planning and managing a region. BioScience
4:612--622.
Society of American Foresters. 1993. Sustaining longterm forest health and productivity: report of a task
force. Bethesda, MD: Society of American Foresters.
Sugihara, G.; May, R. M. 1990. Applications of fractals
in ecology. Trends Ecol. Evolut. 5:79-86.
Suter, G. W. 1993. Ecological risk assessment. Ann Arbor, MI: Lewis Publishers.
Swanson, F. J.; Jones, J. A.; Wallin, D.O.; Cissel, J. H.
1994. Natural variability: implications for ecosystem
management. In: Jensen, M. E.; Bourgeron, P. S., tech.
eds. Volume II: Ecosystem management: principles
and applications. PNW-GTR-318. Portland, OR: U.S.
Dept. Agric., For. Serv., Pacific Northw. Res. Sta.:
80-94.
Turner, M. G. 1990. Landscape changes in nine rural
counties in Georgia. Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sensing 56:379-386.
Urban, D. L.; O'Neill, R. V.; Shugart, H. H., Jr. 1987.
Landscape ecology: a hierarchical perspective can
help scientists understand spatial patterns. BioScience
37:119-127.
Wood, C. A. 1994. Ecosystem management: achieving
the new land ethic. Renewable Resour. J. 6-12.
Young, James A.; Sparks, Abbot, B. 1985. Cattle in the
cold desert. Logan, UT: Utah State University Press.
Zonneveld, I. S. 1988. Basic principles of land evaluation using vegetation and other land attributes. In:
Kuchler, A. W.; Zonneveld, I. S., eds. Vegetation mapping. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.