24.8 References
the Klamath and Great Basins: Volume 1. GTR-PNW405. Portland, OR: U.S. Dept. Agric., For. Serv., Pacific Northw. Res. Sta.: 99-335.
Kelso, J. R. M.; Minns, C. K. 1996. Is fish species richness at sites in the Canadian Great Lakes the result of
local or regional factors? Can. 1. Fisheries Aquat. Sci.
53 (Supplement 1):175-193.
Koestler, A. 1967. The ghost in the machine. New York:
Macmillan.
Koppen, W. 1931. Grundriss der klimakunde. Berlin:
Walter de Gruyter: 388.
Kuchler, A.W. 1964. Potential natural vegetation of the
conterminous United States. American Geographic
Society Special Publication 36:116.
Levin, S. A. 1992. The problem of pattern and scale in
ecology. Ecology 73:1942-1968.
Lotspeich, F. B. 1980. Watersheds as the basic ecosystem: this conceptual framework provides a basis for a
natural classification system. Water Resour. Bull. 16(4):
581-586.
Lyons, J. 1989. Correspondence between the distribution
of fish assemblages in Wisconsin streams and
Omernik's ecoregions. Amer. Midland Naturalist 122:
163-182.
Maxwell, J. R.; Edwards, C. J.; Jensen, M. E.; Paustian,
S. J.; Parrott, H.; Hill, D. M. 1995. A hierarchical
framework of aquatic ecological units in North America (Nearctic Zone). GTR-NC-176. St. Paul, MN: U.S.
Dept. Agric., For. Serv., North Central For. Exp. Sta.
McNab, W. H.; Avers, P. E., compilers. 1994. Ecological subregions of the United States: section descriptions. Admin. Publ. WO-WSA-5. Washington, DC:
U.S. Dept. Agric., For. Servo
Meidinger, D.; Pojar, 1. 1991. Ecosystems of British Columbia. Special Report. Series 6. Victoria, BC: Res.
Branch, Ministry For.
Minshall, G. W. 1988. Stream ecosystem theory: a global
perspective. 1. N. Amer. Benthol. Soc. 7:263-288.
Minshall, G. W. 1994. Stream-riparian ecosystems: rationale and methods for basin-level assessments of
management effects. In: Jensen, M. E.; Bourgeron,
P. S., eds. Ecosystem management: principles and applications. GTR-PNW-318. Portland, OR: U.S. Dept.
Agric., For. Serv., Pacific Northw. Res. Sta.: 149-173.
Montgomery, D. R.; Buffington, J. M. 1993. Channel
classification, prediction of channel response, and assessment of channel condition. Report FW -SHlO-93002. Seattle, WA: University of Washington, Dept.
Geological Sci. and Quaternary Res. Center.
Moyle, P. B.; Cech, J. 1., Jr. 1988. Fishes: an introduction to icthyology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice
Hall.
Naiman, R. J.; Lonzarich, D. G.; Beechie, T. J.; Ralph,
S. C. 1992. General principles of classification and the
assessment of conservation potential in rivers. In:
Boon, P. J.; Calow, P.; Petts, G. E., eds. River conservation and management. New York: John Wiley &
Sons: 93-123.
Nelson, R. L.; Platts, W. S.; Larsen, D. P.; Jensen, S. E.
1992. Trout distribution and habitat in relation to ge365
ology in the North Fork Humboldt River drainage,
northeastern Nevada. Trans. Amer. Fisheries Soc. 121:
405-426.
Odum, E. P. 1971. Fundamentals of ecology. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
Omernik, J. M. 1987. Ecoregions of the conterminous
United States. Ann. Assoc. Amer. Geogr. 77:118-125.
O'Neill, R. V.; DeAngelis, D. L.; Waide, J. B.; Allen, T.
F. H. 1986. A hierarchical concept of ecosystems.
Monogr. Pop. Bioi. 23:1-272.
Platts, W. S. 1979. Including the fishery system in land
planning. GTR-INT-60. Ogden, UT: U.S. Dept.
Agric., For. Serv., Intermountain Res. Sta.
Poff, N. L.; Allan, J. D. 1995. Functional organization
of stream fish assemblages in relation to hydrological
variability. Ecology 76:606--627.
Poole, G. c.; Frissell, C. A.; Ralph, S. C. 1997. In-stream
habitat unit classification: inadequacies for monitoring and some consequences for management. 1. Amer.
Water Resour. Assoc. 33:879-896.
Ray, G. C.; Hayden, B. P. 1993. Marine biogeographic
provinces of the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas.
In: Sherman, K.; Alexander, L.; Gold, B. D., eds.
Large marine ecosystems: stress, mitigation, and sustainability. Washington, DC: AAAS Press: 175-184.
Robins, C. R. 1991. Regional diversity among Caribbean
reef fishes. BioScience 41(7):458-459.
Rosgen, D. L. 1994. A classification of natural rivers.
Catena 22:169-199.
Rosgen, D. R. 1996. Applied river morphology. Pagosa
Springs, CO: Wildland Hydrology.
Roy, P. S. 1984. New South Wales estuaries: their origin and evolution. In: Thorn, B. G., ed. Coastal geomorphology in Australia. Sydney: Academic Press:
99-121.
Seaber, P. R.; Kapinos, F. P.; Knapp, G. L. 1987. Hydrologic unit maps. Water-Supply Paper 2294. Corvallis, OR: U.S. Geological Survey.
Spies, T. A.; Barnes, B. V. 1985. A multifactor ecological classification of the northern hardwood and
conifer ecosystems of Sylvania Recreation Area, Upper Peninsula, Michigan. Can. 1. For. Res. 15:949960.
Stanford, J. A.; Ward, J. V. 1992. Management of aquatic
resources in large catchments: recognizing interactions
between ecosystem connectivity and environmental
disturbance. In: Naiman, R. J., ed. Watershed management. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Stanford, J. A.; Ward, J. V. 1993. An ecosystem perspective of alluvial rivers: connectivity and the hyporheic corridor. 1. N. Amer. Benthol. Soc. 12:48-60.
Strahler, A. N. 1957. Quantitative analysis of watershed
geomorphology. Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union 33:
913-920.
The Nature Conservancy. 1997. A classification frameworkfor freshwater communities. Proceedings of The
Nature Conservancy's aquatic community classification workshop; New Haven, MO; April 9-11, 1996.
Chicago: Great Lakes Program Office.
the Klamath and Great Basins: Volume 1. GTR-PNW405. Portland, OR: U.S. Dept. Agric., For. Serv., Pacific Northw. Res. Sta.: 99-335.
Kelso, J. R. M.; Minns, C. K. 1996. Is fish species richness at sites in the Canadian Great Lakes the result of
local or regional factors? Can. 1. Fisheries Aquat. Sci.
53 (Supplement 1):175-193.
Koestler, A. 1967. The ghost in the machine. New York:
Macmillan.
Koppen, W. 1931. Grundriss der klimakunde. Berlin:
Walter de Gruyter: 388.
Kuchler, A.W. 1964. Potential natural vegetation of the
conterminous United States. American Geographic
Society Special Publication 36:116.
Levin, S. A. 1992. The problem of pattern and scale in
ecology. Ecology 73:1942-1968.
Lotspeich, F. B. 1980. Watersheds as the basic ecosystem: this conceptual framework provides a basis for a
natural classification system. Water Resour. Bull. 16(4):
581-586.
Lyons, J. 1989. Correspondence between the distribution
of fish assemblages in Wisconsin streams and
Omernik's ecoregions. Amer. Midland Naturalist 122:
163-182.
Maxwell, J. R.; Edwards, C. J.; Jensen, M. E.; Paustian,
S. J.; Parrott, H.; Hill, D. M. 1995. A hierarchical
framework of aquatic ecological units in North America (Nearctic Zone). GTR-NC-176. St. Paul, MN: U.S.
Dept. Agric., For. Serv., North Central For. Exp. Sta.
McNab, W. H.; Avers, P. E., compilers. 1994. Ecological subregions of the United States: section descriptions. Admin. Publ. WO-WSA-5. Washington, DC:
U.S. Dept. Agric., For. Servo
Meidinger, D.; Pojar, 1. 1991. Ecosystems of British Columbia. Special Report. Series 6. Victoria, BC: Res.
Branch, Ministry For.
Minshall, G. W. 1988. Stream ecosystem theory: a global
perspective. 1. N. Amer. Benthol. Soc. 7:263-288.
Minshall, G. W. 1994. Stream-riparian ecosystems: rationale and methods for basin-level assessments of
management effects. In: Jensen, M. E.; Bourgeron,
P. S., eds. Ecosystem management: principles and applications. GTR-PNW-318. Portland, OR: U.S. Dept.
Agric., For. Serv., Pacific Northw. Res. Sta.: 149-173.
Montgomery, D. R.; Buffington, J. M. 1993. Channel
classification, prediction of channel response, and assessment of channel condition. Report FW -SHlO-93002. Seattle, WA: University of Washington, Dept.
Geological Sci. and Quaternary Res. Center.
Moyle, P. B.; Cech, J. 1., Jr. 1988. Fishes: an introduction to icthyology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice
Hall.
Naiman, R. J.; Lonzarich, D. G.; Beechie, T. J.; Ralph,
S. C. 1992. General principles of classification and the
assessment of conservation potential in rivers. In:
Boon, P. J.; Calow, P.; Petts, G. E., eds. River conservation and management. New York: John Wiley &
Sons: 93-123.
Nelson, R. L.; Platts, W. S.; Larsen, D. P.; Jensen, S. E.
1992. Trout distribution and habitat in relation to ge365
ology in the North Fork Humboldt River drainage,
northeastern Nevada. Trans. Amer. Fisheries Soc. 121:
405-426.
Odum, E. P. 1971. Fundamentals of ecology. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
Omernik, J. M. 1987. Ecoregions of the conterminous
United States. Ann. Assoc. Amer. Geogr. 77:118-125.
O'Neill, R. V.; DeAngelis, D. L.; Waide, J. B.; Allen, T.
F. H. 1986. A hierarchical concept of ecosystems.
Monogr. Pop. Bioi. 23:1-272.
Platts, W. S. 1979. Including the fishery system in land
planning. GTR-INT-60. Ogden, UT: U.S. Dept.
Agric., For. Serv., Intermountain Res. Sta.
Poff, N. L.; Allan, J. D. 1995. Functional organization
of stream fish assemblages in relation to hydrological
variability. Ecology 76:606--627.
Poole, G. c.; Frissell, C. A.; Ralph, S. C. 1997. In-stream
habitat unit classification: inadequacies for monitoring and some consequences for management. 1. Amer.
Water Resour. Assoc. 33:879-896.
Ray, G. C.; Hayden, B. P. 1993. Marine biogeographic
provinces of the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas.
In: Sherman, K.; Alexander, L.; Gold, B. D., eds.
Large marine ecosystems: stress, mitigation, and sustainability. Washington, DC: AAAS Press: 175-184.
Robins, C. R. 1991. Regional diversity among Caribbean
reef fishes. BioScience 41(7):458-459.
Rosgen, D. L. 1994. A classification of natural rivers.
Catena 22:169-199.
Rosgen, D. R. 1996. Applied river morphology. Pagosa
Springs, CO: Wildland Hydrology.
Roy, P. S. 1984. New South Wales estuaries: their origin and evolution. In: Thorn, B. G., ed. Coastal geomorphology in Australia. Sydney: Academic Press:
99-121.
Seaber, P. R.; Kapinos, F. P.; Knapp, G. L. 1987. Hydrologic unit maps. Water-Supply Paper 2294. Corvallis, OR: U.S. Geological Survey.
Spies, T. A.; Barnes, B. V. 1985. A multifactor ecological classification of the northern hardwood and
conifer ecosystems of Sylvania Recreation Area, Upper Peninsula, Michigan. Can. 1. For. Res. 15:949960.
Stanford, J. A.; Ward, J. V. 1992. Management of aquatic
resources in large catchments: recognizing interactions
between ecosystem connectivity and environmental
disturbance. In: Naiman, R. J., ed. Watershed management. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Stanford, J. A.; Ward, J. V. 1993. An ecosystem perspective of alluvial rivers: connectivity and the hyporheic corridor. 1. N. Amer. Benthol. Soc. 12:48-60.
Strahler, A. N. 1957. Quantitative analysis of watershed
geomorphology. Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union 33:
913-920.
The Nature Conservancy. 1997. A classification frameworkfor freshwater communities. Proceedings of The
Nature Conservancy's aquatic community classification workshop; New Haven, MO; April 9-11, 1996.
Chicago: Great Lakes Program Office.