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Slocombe, D. S. 1998. Defining goals and criteria for
ecosystem-based management. Environ. Manage. 22:
483--493.
SNEP. 1996. Sierra Nevada ecosystem project: final report to Congress, assessments and scientific basis for
management options. Davis, CA: Center for Water and
Wildlands Resources, University of California.
Soule, M. E.; Terborgh, J., editors. 1999a. Continental
conservation: scientific foundations of regional reserve networks. Washington, DC: Island Press.
Soule, M. E.; Terborgh, J. 1999b. Conserving nature at
regional and continental scales-a scientific program
for North America. BioScience 49:809-817.
Steinitz, c.; Binford, M.; Cote, P.; Edwards, Jr., T.;
Ervin, S.; Forman, R. T. T.; Johnson, c.; Kiester, R.;
Mouat, D.; Olson, D.; Shearer, A; Toth, R.: Wills, R.
1996. Biodiversity and landscape planning: alternative futures for the region of Camp Pendleton, California. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University School of
Design.
Swanson, F. J.; Jones, J. A; Wallin, D.O.; Cissel, J. H.
1994. Natural variability-implications for ecosystem
management. In: Jensen, M. E.; Bourgeron, P. S., tech.
eds. Volume II: ecosystem management: principles
and applications. PNW-GTR-318. Portland, OR: U.S.
Dept. Agric., For. Serv., Pacific Northw. Res. Sta.:
80-94.
Swetnam, T. W.; Allen, C. D.; Betancourt, J. L. 1999.
Applied historical ecology: using the past to manage
the future. Ecol. Appl. 9:1189-1206.
The Nature Conservancy. 1996. Conservation by design:
Representativeness Assessments
a framework for mission success. Arlington, VA: The
Nature Conservancy.
Underwood, A J. 1995. Ecological research and (and research into) environmental management. Ecol. Appl.
5:232-247.
Urban, D. L.; O'Neill, R. V.; Shugart, H. H., Jr. 1987.
Landscape ecology: a hierarchical perspective can
help scientists understand spatial patterns. BioScience
37:119-127.
Usher, M. B. 1986. Wildlife conservation evaluation: Attributes, criteria and values. In Usher, M. B., ed.
Wildlife conservation evaluation. London: Chapman
& Hall: 3--44.
White, D.; Preston, E. M.; Freemark, K. E.; Kiester,
R. A 1999. A hierarchical framework for conserving
biodiversity. In: Klopatek, J. M.; Gardner, R. H., eds.
Landscape ecological analysis. New York: SpringerVerlag: 127-153.
Wright, R. G.; Murray, M. P.; Merrill, T. 1998. Ecoregions as a level of ecological analysis. BioI. Conserv.
86:207-213.
Yaffee, S. L. 1998. Cooperation: A strategy for achieving. In: Knight, R. L.; Landres, P. B., eds. Stewardship across boundaries. Washington, DC: Island
Press: 299-324.
Yee, T. W.; Mitchell, N. D. 1991. Generalised additive
models in plant ecology. 1. Veg. Sci. 2:587-602.
Zonneveld, I. S. 1989. The land unit-a fundamental
concept in landscape ecology, and its applications.
Landscape Ecol. 3(2):67-89.