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Urban, D. L.; Shugart, H. H. 1992. Individual-based
models of forest succession. In: Glenn-Lewin, D. C.;
Peet, R. K.; Veblen, T. T. eds. Plant succession: theory and prediction. London: Chapman and Hall:
249-292.
Urban, D. L.; Smith, T. M. 1989. Extending individualbased forest models to simulate large-scale environmental patterns. Bull. Eco/. Soc. Amer. 70:284.
Urban, D. L.; Bonan, G. B.; Smith, T. M.; Shugart,
H. H. 1991. Spatial applications of gap models. For.
Ecol. Manage. 42:95-110.
VEMAP Members.1995. Vegetation/ecosystem modeling and analysis project: comparing biogeography and
biogeochemistry models in a continental-scale study
of terrestrial ecosystem responses to climate change
Ecosystem Structure and Function Modeling
and CO2 doubling. Global Biogeochem. Cycle. 9:
407-437.
Watt, A. S. 1947. Pattern and process in the plant community. J. Ecol. 35:1-22.
Wedin, D. A.; Tilman, D. 1996. Influence of nitrogen
loading and species composition on the carbon balance of grasslands. Science 274: 1720-1723.
Weishampel, J. F.; Urban, D. L.; Smith, J. B.; Shugart,
H. H. 1992. A comparison of semivariograms from a
forest transect model and remotely sensed data. J. Veg.
Sci. 3:521-526.
Woolhouse, M. E. J.; Harmsen, R. 1987. A transition matrix model of seasonal changes in mite populations.
Eco/. Model. 37:167-189.
Urban, D. L.; Shugart, H. H. 1992. Individual-based
models of forest succession. In: Glenn-Lewin, D. C.;
Peet, R. K.; Veblen, T. T. eds. Plant succession: theory and prediction. London: Chapman and Hall:
249-292.
Urban, D. L.; Smith, T. M. 1989. Extending individualbased forest models to simulate large-scale environmental patterns. Bull. Eco/. Soc. Amer. 70:284.
Urban, D. L.; Bonan, G. B.; Smith, T. M.; Shugart,
H. H. 1991. Spatial applications of gap models. For.
Ecol. Manage. 42:95-110.
VEMAP Members.1995. Vegetation/ecosystem modeling and analysis project: comparing biogeography and
biogeochemistry models in a continental-scale study
of terrestrial ecosystem responses to climate change
Ecosystem Structure and Function Modeling
and CO2 doubling. Global Biogeochem. Cycle. 9:
407-437.
Watt, A. S. 1947. Pattern and process in the plant community. J. Ecol. 35:1-22.
Wedin, D. A.; Tilman, D. 1996. Influence of nitrogen
loading and species composition on the carbon balance of grasslands. Science 274: 1720-1723.
Weishampel, J. F.; Urban, D. L.; Smith, J. B.; Shugart,
H. H. 1992. A comparison of semivariograms from a
forest transect model and remotely sensed data. J. Veg.
Sci. 3:521-526.
Woolhouse, M. E. J.; Harmsen, R. 1987. A transition matrix model of seasonal changes in mite populations.
Eco/. Model. 37:167-189.