wiser decisions are made that will help to maintain the sustainability of
ecological resources.
Acknowledgments. Russell Harmon, Robert Holst, and Webb Van Winkle
provided insightful comments on an earlier draft of this chapter. The effort
was supported by a contract from the Strategic Environmental Research
and Development Program (SERDP) to Oak Ridge National Laboratory,
which is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy
under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725.
References
Aber, J. 1997. Why don’t we believe the models? Bulletin of the Ecological Society
of America 78:232–233.
Akçakaya, H.R. 2000. Population viability analyses with demographically and
spatially structured models. Ecological Bulletin 48:23–38.
Akçakaya, H.R. and P. Sjögren-Gulve. 2000. Population viability analysis in conservation planning: An overview. Ecological Bulletin 48:9–21.
Angermeier, P. and J. Karr. 1994. Biological integrity versus biological diversity as
policy directives: Protecting biotic resources. BioScience 44:690–697.
Barnthouse, L.W. 1992. The role of models in ecological risk assessment: A 1990’s
perspective. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 11:1751–1760.
Barnthouse, L.W., J. Boreman, S.W. Christensen, C.P. Goodyear, W. Van Winkle, and
D.S. Vaughan. 1984. Population biology in the courtroom: The Hudson River
controversy. BioScience 34:14–19.
Bernardelli, H. 1941. Population waves. Journal of Burma Research Society 31:
1–18.
Birch, L.C. 1948. The intrinsic rate of natural increase of an insect population.
Journal of Animal Ecology 17:15–26.
Bossel, H. 1994. Modeling and Simulation. A.K. Peters, Wellesley, Massachusetts,
USA.
Botkin, D.B. 1992. Forest Dynamics: An Ecological Model. Oxford University Press,
Oxford, UK.
Cairns, J., P.V. McCormick, and B.R. Niederlehner. 1993. A proposed framework for
developing indicators of ecosystem health. Hydrobiologia 236:1–44.
Caswell, H. 2001. Matrix Population Models: Construction Analysis and Interpretation. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA.
Christensen, S.W., W. Van Winkle, L.W. Barnthouse, and D.S. Vaughan. 1981. Science
and the law: Confluence and conflict on the Hudson River. Environmental Impact
Assessment Review 2:63–88.
Costanza, R., et al. 1997. The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural
capital. Nature 387:253–260.
Dale, V.H. and R.V. O’Neill. 1998. Tools to characterize the environmental setting.
Pages 62–90 in V.H. Dale and M.R. English, editors. Tools to Aid Environmental
Decision Making. Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA.
Dale, V.H. and W. Van Winkle. 1998. Models provide understanding, not belief.
Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 79:169–170.
1. Opportunities for Using Ecological Models for Resource Management
17
ecological resources.
Acknowledgments. Russell Harmon, Robert Holst, and Webb Van Winkle
provided insightful comments on an earlier draft of this chapter. The effort
was supported by a contract from the Strategic Environmental Research
and Development Program (SERDP) to Oak Ridge National Laboratory,
which is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy
under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725.
References
Aber, J. 1997. Why don’t we believe the models? Bulletin of the Ecological Society
of America 78:232–233.
Akçakaya, H.R. 2000. Population viability analyses with demographically and
spatially structured models. Ecological Bulletin 48:23–38.
Akçakaya, H.R. and P. Sjögren-Gulve. 2000. Population viability analysis in conservation planning: An overview. Ecological Bulletin 48:9–21.
Angermeier, P. and J. Karr. 1994. Biological integrity versus biological diversity as
policy directives: Protecting biotic resources. BioScience 44:690–697.
Barnthouse, L.W. 1992. The role of models in ecological risk assessment: A 1990’s
perspective. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 11:1751–1760.
Barnthouse, L.W., J. Boreman, S.W. Christensen, C.P. Goodyear, W. Van Winkle, and
D.S. Vaughan. 1984. Population biology in the courtroom: The Hudson River
controversy. BioScience 34:14–19.
Bernardelli, H. 1941. Population waves. Journal of Burma Research Society 31:
1–18.
Birch, L.C. 1948. The intrinsic rate of natural increase of an insect population.
Journal of Animal Ecology 17:15–26.
Bossel, H. 1994. Modeling and Simulation. A.K. Peters, Wellesley, Massachusetts,
USA.
Botkin, D.B. 1992. Forest Dynamics: An Ecological Model. Oxford University Press,
Oxford, UK.
Cairns, J., P.V. McCormick, and B.R. Niederlehner. 1993. A proposed framework for
developing indicators of ecosystem health. Hydrobiologia 236:1–44.
Caswell, H. 2001. Matrix Population Models: Construction Analysis and Interpretation. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA.
Christensen, S.W., W. Van Winkle, L.W. Barnthouse, and D.S. Vaughan. 1981. Science
and the law: Confluence and conflict on the Hudson River. Environmental Impact
Assessment Review 2:63–88.
Costanza, R., et al. 1997. The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural
capital. Nature 387:253–260.
Dale, V.H. and R.V. O’Neill. 1998. Tools to characterize the environmental setting.
Pages 62–90 in V.H. Dale and M.R. English, editors. Tools to Aid Environmental
Decision Making. Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA.
Dale, V.H. and W. Van Winkle. 1998. Models provide understanding, not belief.
Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 79:169–170.
1. Opportunities for Using Ecological Models for Resource Management
17